Table 3 Prevalence of stunting and wasting among children age 0–59 months by children’s, mother’s, and household characteristics

Age

Less than 6 months

1

1

6–11 months

1.34 (0.97–1.86)

1.10 (0.82–1.50)

12–17 months

3.50*** (2.59–4.74)

1.13 (0.84–1.52)

18–23 months

7.81*** (5.73–10.65)

0.87 (0.62–1.21)

24–59 months

6.59*** (5.00–8.68)

0.56*** (0.43–0.73)

Sex

Male

1

1

Female

0.82*** (0.74–0.90)

0.77*** (0.67–0.88)

Birth order

First

1

1

2 to 4

1.02 (0.87–1.20)

1.02 (0.80–1.29)

5 or higher

1.16 (0.97–1.39)

1.16 (0.90–1.50)

Perceived weight at birth

Very small

1

1

Smaller than average

0.82* (0.67–0.99)

1.07 (0.83–1.37)

Average

0.68*** (0.59–0.78)

0.71*** (0.59–0.86)

Very large or larger than average

0.54*** (0.47–0.63)

0.60*** (0.49–0.74)

Marital status

Never in union

1

1

Married/living with partner

0.72 (0.38–1.39)

2.16 (0.51–9.14)

Widowed/divorced/ separated

0.64 (0.32–1.26)

2.48 (0.57–10.76)

Age

12–19

1

1

20–49

0.97 (0.81–1.16)

0.96 (0.74–1.25)

Educational status

No education

Primary

0.97 (0.86–1.10)

0.92 (0.76–1.11)

Secondary and above

0.66*** (0.52–0.84)

0.80 (0.57–1.13)

Working status

No

1

1

Yes

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

Mother’s BMI

Underweight

Normal

0.84** (0.74–0.94)

0.67*** (0.57–0.78)

Overweight

0.57*** (0.45–0.71)

0.39*** (0.28–0.55)

Maternal stature

Normal stature

1

1

Short stature

2.03*** (1.44–2.86)

1.08 (0.65–1.80)

Sex of household head

Male

1

1

Female

1.07 (0.94–1.23)

0.97 (0.81–1.17)

Place of Residence

Urban

1

1

Rural

0.86 (0.69–1.07)

0.61 (0.64–1.10)

Region

Tigray

1

1

Afar

0.87 (0.69–1.10)

1.33 (0.97–1.81)

Amhara

1.27* (1.03–1.58)

0.87 (0.62–1.20)

Oromia

0.83 (0.68–1.01)

1.00 (0.75–1.34)

Somali

0.52*** (0.42–0.65)

2.02*** (1.51–2.68)

Benishangul

1.13 (0.90–1.43)

0.97 (0.69–1.37)

SNNP

0.99 (0.80–1.21)

0.60** (0.43–0.85)

Gambela

0.51*** (0.39–0.66)

1.19 (0.84–1.67)

Harari

0.87 (0.67–1.15)

1.20 (0.81–1.76)

Addis Ababa

0.64* (0.43–0.94)

0.35** (0.17–0.76)

Dire Dawa

1.09 (0.83–1.43)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

Wealth quintile

Poorest

1

1

Poorer

1.01 (0.86–1.17)

0.88 (0.71–1.10)

Middle

0.77** (0.65–0.91)

0.92 (0.72–1.16)

Richer

0.69*** (0.58–0.82)

0.66** (0.50–0.87)

Richest

0.62*** (0.49–0.79)

0.58** (0.40–0.83)

Drinking water source

Improved water

1

1

Non-improved water

0.91 (0.81–1.01)

1.00 (0.86–1.17)

Type of toilet facilities

Improved toilet

1

1

Non-improved toilet

1.28** (1.07–1.53)

1.06 (0.83–1.36)

Type of cooking fuel

Modern fuel

1

1

Traditional fuel

1.66** (1.18–2.32)

1.28 (0.74–2.21)