Table 1 Description of variables and sources used in the study
Variable | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|
CL attempted | Binary variable for presence of attempted compulsory licensing occurring between 1995 and 2014 | Son and Lee (2017), ‘t Hoen et al. (2018) |
Region | Dummy variable for location of the country (Africa, Asia, Latin America, Others) | World Bank |
Population | Natural logarithm of the number of the population in 2014 | World Bank |
Income | Natural logarithm of GNI per capita in 2014 | World Bank |
Polity | Dummy variable for annual polity scores in 2014 (Autocracy, Anocracy, Democracy) | Polity IV country report |
The PIPP index | Annual index summarizing the presence, term, and strength of various types of patents that can be claimed for pharmaceutical innovations. | Liu and Croix (2014) |