Table 4 Priority indicators of liveability for immediate, medium-, and long-term action
| Indicator and references | Most useful measure | Data custodian (if known) |
|---|---|---|
| Indicators for immediate action | ||
| Crime [43,44,45, 47,48,49,50] | Criminal cases per 100,000 persons | Central Information Technology CentreRoyal Thai Police DataNational Statistical Office |
| Tree coverage [49, 51] | Number of green areas | Department of Environment (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Air quality [43, 45, 49, 52, 53] | Nitrogen dioxide in the air (ppm) Dust/suspended particles in the air – micrograms/m3 | Department of Environment (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Water qualitya [43, 50, 52, 53] | Number of canal water quality testing points showing dissolved oxygen content of ≥2.0 mL/L | Department of Drainage and Sewerage (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Flooding | Number of floods per year | Department of Drainage and Sewerage (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Access to temples [43, 44] | Number of temples per district area | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Access to schools [44, 50, 54] | Number of schools per 1000 residents (N.B: both primary and secondary schools) | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of Education (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Ministry of Education |
| Waste management [44, 45, 51,52,53] | Average volume (kg) per household of non-recyclable garbage | Department of Environment (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Indicators for medium-term action | ||
| Sense of community [47,48,49] | Ratio of community population to district population | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of Social Development (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Strategy and Evaluation Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Job security | Unemployment rate | Ministry of Labour The Revenue Department National Statistical Office |
| Income [44, 45] | Average monthly household income | The Revenue Department National Statistical Office |
| Education [44, 45] | Percentage of residents with a primary school education | Census |
| Health [44, 45, 50] | Average life expectancy Number of cases of mental and behavioural disorders | WHO (2016) Health Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Local employment [44] | Percentage of residents living and working in the same district | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Quality food | Percentage of samples of food that is in accordance with health and hygiene standards | Health Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Traffic congestion [45] | Number of vehicles per kilometre of city roads | Traffic and Transport Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of Land Transport (BKK) |
| Seweragea [42, 45, 52] | Percentage of population with sewerage at their dwelling | Department of Drainage and sewerage (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Indicators for long-term action | ||
| Areas for passive recreation and physical activity [43,44,45, 47, 50, 51, 55] | Percentage of residents living < 400 m of public open space Percentage of residents living < 400 m of a large park (> 1.5 ha) Percentage of residents living < 400 m of local park | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of Environment (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Public transport [44, 45, 50, 51, 55] | Percentage of residents living < 400 m of a local bus stop Percentage of residents living < 800 m of train station | Traffic and Transport Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Housing affordability [44, 45] | Percentage of land being used for informal housing | National Housing Authority Department of Lands District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Work/Life balance | Number of hours of working per day and per week Number of hours per week engaged in leisure activities | Ministry of Labour Ministry of Social development and Human Security Culture Sport and Tourism Department |
| Access to community centres [44] | Percentage of residents living < 400 m of community centre | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of City Planning (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Neighbourhood amenity [44, 51, 54, 55] | Percentage of residents living near locally-defined ‘social infrastructure’ (37) | District Office (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) Department of City Planning (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Drinking water qualitya [42,43,44,45] | Percentage of population with piped water | Health Department (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration) |
| Access to liquefied petroleum gasa [44] | Liquefied petroleum gas connections per household | Ministry of Energy |