Table 3 Pilot liveability indicators for Bangkok were mapped onto existing liveability tools (Sustainable Development Goals, CityScan, Healthy Liveable Cities Group Liveability Indicators)
Urban Liveability Indicators for Bangkok’s Contexta | SDGs & Relevant International Standards | UN Global Compact: CityScan [35] | Healthy Liveable Cities Group Liveability Indicators [57] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Critical Area | Subcategory | Domain | Indicator | ||
Water quality/pollutionb | SDGs 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14 | City Sustainability | Water resource management | Â | Â |
Air quality | SDGs 3, 7, 11, 12, 13 WHO air quality targets | City Sustainability | Environmental sustainability | Ambient environment | Air quality |
Tree canopy coverage (shade) | SDGs 3, 11, 13, 15 From 2011 GHD report for City of Melbourne [46]: target of 30% of city as tree canopy. | City Sustainability | Climate change mitigation | Â | Â |
Flooding | SDGs 1, 3, 9, 11, 13 | City Sustainability | Climate change impacts and adaptation | Â | Â |
Drinking waterb | SDGs 3, 6, 9, 11, 12 WHO drinking water quality targets | City Sustainability | Water resource management | Â | Â |
Waste management | SDGs 9, 11, 12 | City Sustainability | Waste | Â | Â |
Sewerageb | SDGs 3, 6, 9, 11, 12 | City Sustainability | Waste | Â | Â |
Access to fuelb | SDGs 7, 9, 11 | City Sustainability | Energy | Â | Â |
Food quality | SDGs 2, 3 | City Development | Food Security | Walkability | Proximity to supermarkets |
Sense of community | SDGs 11 | City Development | Social inclusion; Community and culture | Â | Â |
Housing affordability | SDGs 11 | City Development | Housing and shelter | Housing | Affordable housing |
Local employment opportunities | SDGs 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 | City Development | Employment | Employment | Live and work in same SA3 |
Job security | SDGs 1, 4, 8, 9, 10 | City Development | Employment | Â | Â |
Work/life balance | SDGs 1, 4, 8, 10 | City Development | Labour Rights | Â | Â |
Opportunity to earn a fair wage | SDGs 1, 4, 8, 9, 10 | City Development | Employment | Â | Â |
Mass transit availability; Public transport networks; Transit-oriented developments | SDGs 3, 11, 13 | City Sustainability | Mobility | Transport | Proximal access to public transport |
Traffic congestion | SDGs 11 | City Sustainability | Mobility | Â | Â |
Passive recreation and physical activity locations | SDGs 3, 11, 13, 15 | City Sustainability; City Development | Climate change mitigation; Community and culture | Green infrastructure | Size of public open spaces; distance to public open spaces |
Green space, pocket parks | SDGs 3, 11, 13, 15 | City Sustainability; City Development | Climate change mitigation; Community and culture | Green infrastructure | Size of public open spaces; distance to public open spaces |
Access to temples, museums, music and other cultural events; Multi-purpose local community centres | SDGs 11 | City Development | Community and culture | Social infrastructure | Culture and leisure (cinema/theatres, museums, art galleries, libraries, community centres) |
Safety | SDGs 10, 11, 16 | City Development | Public safety | Â | Â |
Education | SDGs 4, 8 | City Development | Education | Social infrastructure | Education (state primary schools, state secondary schools) |
Health | SDGs 2, 3, 10, 11 | City Development | Health and wellbeing | Social infrastructure | Access to health and social services |
Local amenity (neighbourhood access to services and employment) | SDGs 8, 9, 11 | City Development | Access to employment | Social infrastructure; employment | All (education, sport and recreation, culture and leisure, early years, community centres, health and social services); live and work in same SA3 |