Table 2 Participants’ social and health-related characteristics by income levels of countries of origin
| Â | LICs | MICs | HICs | All | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
204 (17.8%) | 654 (57.1%) | 288 (25.1%) | 1146 | ||
Social integration in China | |||||
 Has a Chinese name | 0.433 | ||||
  No | 115 (56.9) | 340 (52.3) | 148 (51.4) | 603 (52.9) | |
  Yes | 87 (43.1) | 310 (47.7) | 140 (48.6) | 537 (47.1) | |
 Has education experience in China | < 0.001abc | ||||
  No | 97 (47.8) | 377 (57.8) | 194 (67.6) | 668 (58.5) | |
  Yes | 106 (52.2) | 275 (42.2) | 93 (32.4) | 474 (41.5) | |
 Proficiency in Mandarin | 0.316 | ||||
  Know nothing | 45 (22.8) | 109 (18.0) | 58 (20.3) | 212 (19.5) | |
  Know little | 82 (41.6) | 236 (39.1) | 114 (39.9) | 432 (39.8) | |
  Fair | 46 (23.4) | 176 (29.1) | 74 (25.9) | 296 (27.2) | |
  Fluent | 24 (12.2) | 83 (13.7) | 40 (14.0) | 147 (13.5) | |
 Proficiency in English | 0.094 | ||||
  Know nothing | 6 (2.9) | 20 (3.1) | 4 (1.4) | 30 (2.7) | |
  Know little | 33 (16.2) | 73 (11.4) | 50 (17.7) | 156 (13.8) | |
  Fair | 61 (29.9) | 191 (29.8) | 58 (20.5) | 310 (27.5) | |
  Fluent | 104 (51.0) | 358 (55.8) | 171 (60.4) | 633 (56.1) | |
Social network in China | |||||
 Number of Chinese acquaintances in Guangzhou | 0.107 | ||||
  0–10 | 95 (47.0) | 232 (35.5) | 113 (39.4) | 440 (38.5) | |
  11–50 | 51 (25.2) | 209 (32.0) | 81 (28.2) | 341 (29.8) | |
  51≤ | 56 (27.7) | 213 (32.6) | 93 (32.4) | 362 (31.7) | |
 Number of fellow townsmen known in Guangzhou | < 0.001bc | ||||
  0–10 | 94 (47.7) | 302 (47.6) | 186 (65.5) | 582 (52.2) | |
  11–50 | 49 (24.9) | 193 (30.4) | 65 (22.9) | 307 (27.5) | |
  51≤ | 54 (27.4) | 140 (22.0) | 33 (11.6) | 227 (20.3) | |
 Participation in hometown associations/the Chamber of Commerce in Guangzhou | 0.061 | ||||
  No | 156 (77.2) | 529 (82.1) | 243 (85.6) | 928 (82.1) | |
  Yes | 46 (22.8) | 115 (17.9) | 41 (14.4) | 202 (17.9) | |
Health status and perception of health services | |||||
 Perceived health status | < 0.001ab | ||||
  Poor or fair | 13 (6.5) | 65 (9.9) | 41 (14.2) | 119 (10.4) | |
  Good | 64 (31.8) | 274 (41.9) | 117 (40.6) | 455 (39.8) | |
  Very good | 124 (61.7) | 315 (48.2) | 130 (45.1) | 569 (49.8) | |
 Change in health status since coming to China | < 0.001abc | ||||
  Became less healthy | 15 (7.5) | 115 (17.6) | 57 (19.8) | 187 (16.4) | |
  No change | 135 (67.2) | 412 (63.1) | 204 (70.8) | 751 (65.8) | |
  Became healthier | 51 (25.4) | 126 (19.3) | 27 (9.4) | 204 (17.9) | |
 Ever had health problems in China | < 0.001ac | ||||
  No/first time to China | 182 (89.2) | 513 (78.9) | 207 (71.9) | 902 (79.0) | |
  Yes | 22 (10.8) | 137 (21.1) | 81 (28.1) | 240 (21.0) | |
 Had medical insurance while staying in China | < 0.001bc | ||||
  No | 117 (57.6) | 331 (51.4) | 108 (37.8) | 556 (49.1) | |
  Yes | 68 (33.5) | 204 (31.7) | 150 (52.4) | 422 (37.2) | |
  Don’t know | 18 (8.9) | 109 (16.9) | 28 (9.8) | 155 (13.7) | |
 Overall perception of health services in China | < 0.001bc | ||||
  Poor | 14 (7.0) | 57 (8.9) | 63 (22.8) | 134 (12.0) | |
  Fair (not good or bad) | 78 (39.0) | 278 (43.4) | 146 (52.9) | 502 (45.0) | |
  Good | 108 (54.0) | 305 (47.7) | 67 (24.3) | 480 (43.0) | |