| LICs | MICs | HICs | All | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
204 (17.8%) | 654 (57.1%) | 288 (25.1%) | 1146 | ||
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
 Gender | 0.021a | ||||
  Male | 166 (81.4) | 471 (72.0) | 220 (76.4) | 857 (74.8) | |
  Female | 38 (18.6) | 183 (28.0) | 68 (23.6) | 289 (25.2) | |
 Age (mean ± SD) | 29.2 ± 7.5 | 29.8 ± 8.8 | 36.1 ± 11.4 | 31.3 ± 9.7 | < 0.001bc |
 Education level | 0.030bc | ||||
  Junior high or below | 13 (6.4) | 41 (6.3) | 7 (2.4) | 61 (5.3) | |
  Senior high school | 31 (15.3) | 90 (13.8) | 35 (12.2) | 156 (13.6) | |
  College or above | 158 (78.2) | 522 (79.9) | 246 (85.4) | 926 (81.0) | |
 Current marital status | 0.012c | ||||
  Married | 68 (33.3) | 265 (40.6) | 125 (43.4) | 458 (40.0) | |
  Cohabitation | 15 (7.4) | 41 (6.3) | 31 (10.8) | 87 (7.6) | |
  Single | 121 (59.3) | 347 (53.1) | 132 (45.8) | 600 (52.4) | |
 Currently has a job in China | < 0.001bc | ||||
  No | 101 (49.5) | 271 (41.4) | 83 (28.8) | 455 (39.7) | |
  Yes | 103 (50.5) | 383 (58.6) | 205 (71.2) | 691 (60.3) | |
Migration-related characteristics | |||||
 Visa type | < 0.001abc | ||||
  Tourist visa | 20 (9.8) | 100 (15.4) | 48 (16.9) | 168 (14.7) | |
  Business visa | 58 (28.4) | 158 (24.3) | 54 (19.0) | 270 (23.7) | |
  Work visa | 17 (8.3) | 161 (24.7) | 98 (34.5) | 276 (24.2) | |
  Student visa | 96 (47.1) | 167 (25.7) | 38 (13.4) | 301 (26.4) | |
  Others | 13 (6.4) | 65 (10.0) | 46 (16.2) | 124 (10.9) | |
 Number of years since the first visit to China | < 0.001abc | ||||
  > 10 years | 16 (8.0) | 110 (16.9) | 68 (24.1) | 194 (17.1) | |
  6–10 years | 40 (20.1) | 143 (21.9) | 82 (29.1) | 265 (23.4) | |
  < 6 years | 143 (71.9) | 399 (61.2) | 132 (46.8) | 674 (59.5) | |
 Number of visits to China | < 0.001abc | ||||
  Once | 77 (37.9) | 162 (24.8) | 48 (16.7) | 287 (25.1) | |
  2–5 times | 68 (33.5) | 218 (33.4) | 91 (31.6) | 377 (33.0) | |
  6–10 times | 24 (11.8) | 84 (12.9) | 38 (13.2) | 146 (12.8) | |
  > 10 times | 34 (16.7) | 189 (28.9) | 111 (38.5) | 334 (29.2) | |
 Number of cumulative months of stay in China | < 0.001ac | ||||
  0–6 | 97 (50.0) | 440 (69.3) | 180 (64.7) | 717 (64.8) | |
  7–12 | 20 (10.3) | 66 (10.4) | 27 (9.7) | 113 (10.2) | |
  13–60 | 52 (26.8) | 77 (12.1) | 41 (14.7) | 170 (15.4) | |
  61≤ | 25 (12.9) | 52 (8.2) | 30 (10.8) | 107 (9.7) |