Table 2 Literature review of stage at diagnosis of histologically proven breast cancer in SSA, by region
Year | Author | Country | Population | Sample Size | Prevalence (%) | Advanced Disease (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | ||||||
West Africa | |||||||||
 2008 | Ukwenya et al. [33] | Nigeria | Women with BC admitted to Ahmadu Bello Teaching Hospital for definitive treatment between 2003 and 2005 | 111 | 9.0 | 16.2 | 33.3 | 41.4 | 74.7 |
 2006 | Adesunkanmi et al. [19] | Nigeria | Women with BC seen at Obafemi Awolo Teaching Hospital between 1996 and 2003 (retrospective) | 212 | 6.0 | 13.2 | 19.3 | 61.3 | 80.6 |
 2009 | Ntekim et al. [34] | Nigeria | Women treated for BC at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 2003 and 2006 | 763 | 2.0 | 13 | 46 | 39 | 85.0 |
 2010 | Kene et al. [35] | Nigeria | Women with BC treated at Ahmadu Bello Teaching Hospital between 2001 and 2005 (retrospective) | 103 | 11.7 | 26.2 | 46.6 | 15.5 | 62.1 |
 2008 | Gukas et al. [36] | Nigeria | Women with BC diagnosed at Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1999 and 2001 (retrospective) | 34 | 0 | 38.2 | 41.2 | 20.6 | 61.8 |
 2008 | Adebamowo et al. [37] | Nigeria | Women with BC at University College Hospital between 2004 and 2006 | 192 | 4.5 | 9.0 | 38.2 | 48.3 | 86.5 |
 1991 | Ajekigbe et al. [38] | Nigeria | Women with BC presenting to Lagos University Teaching Hospital for radiotherapy between 1984 and 1989 | 2154 | 4.0 | 8.7 | 53.2 | 34.1 | 87.3 |
 2001 | Okobia et al. [39] | Nigeria | Women diagnosed with BC at the University Hospital of Benin between 1987 and 1996 | 77 | 2.6 | 29.9 | 28.9 | 41.6 | 70.5 |
 2013 | Edmund et al. [40] | Ghana | Women with BC presenting to University of Ghana Medical School between 2005 and 2009 | 564 | 16.8 | 32.3 | 26.1 | 24.8 | 50.9 |
 2016 | Gbessi et al. [41] | Benin | Women with BC presenting to the National Teaching Hospital of HKM between 2001 and 2013 | 109 | 13.7 | 35.8 | 39.5 | 11.0 | 50.5 |
 2015 | Azon-Kouanou et al. [42] | Benin | Women with BC presenting to the National Teaching Hospital of HKM of Cotonou between 2008 and 2014 | 63 | Stage I/II 9.5 | 20.6 | 69.8 | 90.4 | |
East Africa | |||||||||
 2015 | Pace et al. [43] | Rwanda | Women with BC presenting to two rural referral centres in Rwanda | 144 | Stage I/II 24.0 | 52.0 | 24.0 | 76.0 | |
 2014 | Sayed et al. [44] | Kenya | Women with BC diagnosed/treated at AHKUN university hospital | 99 | 12.1 | 26.3 | 43.4 | 18.2 | 61.6 |
 2011 | Rambau et al. [45] | Tanzania | Women with BC diagnosed at Bugando Medical Center from 2002 to 2010 | 328 | 4.3 | NR | 64.0 | NR |  |
 2010 | Burson et al. [46] | Tanzania | Women with BC attending Ocean Road Cancer Institute between 2007 and 2009 | 356 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 90.7 |
 1997 | Amir et al. [47] | Tanzania | Women with BC admitted to the Muhimbili Medical Centre in 1996 | 50 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 88.0 | 10.0 | 98.0 |
 2012 | Mabula et al. [48] | Tanzania | Women with BC admitted to Bugando Medical Centre surgical unit between 2002 and 2011 | 384 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 63.0 | 21.4 | 84.4 |
 2013 | Tesfamariam et al. [49] | Eritrea | Women with BC attending general surgical units of 3 major hospitals between 2007 and 2008 | 82 | 9.0 | 27.0 | 46.0 | 18.0 | 64.0 |
 2008 | Gakwaya et al. [50] | Uganda | Women with BC treated at Mulago Hospital between 1996 and 2000 | 243 | 3.4 | 19.3 | 51.0 | 26.3 | 77.3 |
 2015 | Galukande et al. [51] | Uganda | Women with BC treated at Mulago Hospital between 2004 and 2007 and 2010–2012 | 209 | 2.4 | 8.1 | 72.7 | 16.3 | 89.0 |
Central Africa | |||||||||
 2015 | Lopes et al. [52] | Angola | Women with BC between 2006 and 2014 registered by the Angolan Institute of Cancer Control | 1361 | 4.8 | 16.5 | 73.3 | 2.6 | 75.9 |
 2015 | Armando et al. [53] | Angola | Women with BC referred to the National Oncology Centre of Luanda between 2007 and 2011 | 163 | 3.2 | 12.4 | 73.8 | 10.6 | 84.2 |
Southern Africa | |||||||||
 2014 | Dickens et al. [54] | South Africa | BC patients diagnosed at a tertiary public hospital (CHBAH) in Soweto between Oct 2006- July 2012 | 1071 | 5.0 | 41.0 | 45.7 | 8.3 | 54.0 |
 2013 | McCormack et al. [55] | South Africa | BC patients diagnosed at a tertiary public Hospital (CHBAH) in Soweto between Oct 2006 – Jan 2012 (90% of cases were black women) | 1216 | 5.1 | 41.2 | 44.7 | 9.0 | 53.7 |
 1985 | Pegoraro et al. [18] | South Africa | Women with BC treated at the University of Natal Teaching Hospital | 640 | B 0.4 | B 9.0 | B 59.0 | B 31.0 | 90.0 |
W 27.0 | W 32.0 | W 34.0 | W 7.0 | 41.0 | |||||
 1984 | Walker et al. [56] | South Africa | Black women with BC diagnosed at Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto between 1971 and 72 and 1980–82 | 195 | 10.1 | 12.4 | 44.9 | 32.6 | 77.5 |
 2004 | Walker et al. [57] | South Africa | Black African women with BC admitted to King Edward VIII Hospital between 1994 and 1999 | 57 | 1.75 | 14.0 | 21.1 | 63.1 | 84.2 |
 1991 | Ariad et al. [58] | South Africa | Women with BC attending the Breast Clinic of the Johannesburg Hospital | 58 | 0.0 | 29.4 | 0.0 | 70.6 | 70.6 |
 2010 | Basro et al. [59] | South Africa | Women with BC aged 35 and under registered by a tertiary hospital and private breast health centre between 2000 and 2008 | 139 | 11.4 | 33.4 | 33.3 | 21.9 | 55.2 |
 2000 | Hoffman et al. [60] | South Africa | Women with first diagnosis of BC presenting at two tertiary hospitals in Capetown | 478 | 31.6 | 26.2 | 28.2 | 14.0 | 42.2 |
 1993 | Muguti [61] | Zimbabwe | Women with BC treated at Mpilo Central Hospital between 1987 and 1990 | NR | Stage I/II 16.0 | Stage III/IV 84.0 | 84.0 | ||