Table 2 MSH country groupings, experiences and resources
MSH Group 1- Countries with minimal or no capacity for PV | ||||
Country | Successful experiences | Successful resources assigned | Unsuccessful experiences | Unsuccessful resources assigned |
Angola | • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • ADR reports received through positive collaboration with HIV and Malaria Programmes • Funds received through collaboration with development partners | • Political resource • Social resource • Financial resource | • No PV law to enforce regulations • No dedicated budget for PV • No reporting tools | • Political resource • Financial resource • Technical resource |
Burkina Faso | • Regulatory framework implemented by government • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • Establishment of national technical committees with tools for PV work | • Political resource • Political resource • Technical resource | • No properly recognized National Regulatory Authority • No dedicated budget for PV • No tools to embark on active monitoring | • Political resource • Financial resource • Technical resource |
Cameroon | • Funds received through collaboration with development partners • Continuous receipt of PV literature through established relationship with development partners • PV Decree signed by head of state and minister of health | • Financial resource • Social resource • Political resource | • No dedicated budget for PV • Untrained PV staff • No internet to submit ADR data to VigiFlow | • Financial resource • Human resource • Technical resource |
Cape Verde | • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • Improved reporting infrastructure through TV and radio campaigns • Dissemination of ADR data through publication in peer review journals for Portuguese speaking countries | • Political resource • Technical resource • Technical resource | • No PV law to enforce regulations • Inadequate reporting infrastructure • No dedicated budget for PV | • Political resource • Technical resource • Financial resource |
Eritrea | • Funds received through collaboration with development partners • Trained PV staff • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV | • Financial resource • Human resource • Political resource | • No PV law to mandate reporting by industry • Low AEFI reporting due to poor collaboration with EPI • Pharma industry does not monitor the safety of their products | • Political resource • Technical resource • Political resource |
Liberia | • Trained PV staff • Incorporation of PV into curriculum of educational institutions due to effective collaboration with Academia • Availability of tools for active monitoring of drugs from international donors | • Human resource • Social resource • Technical resource | • No dedicated budget for PV • Inadequate human resource for PV activities • No PV law to enforce regulations | • Financial resource • Human resource • Political resource |
Mauritius | • Full membership in the PIDM due to positive collaboration with WHO • Improved reporting infrastructure through collaboration with PHPs • Technical support received through collaboration with development partners and PHPs | • Social resource • Technical resource • Social resource | • Inadequate reporting infrastructure • No dedicated budget for PV • No PV law to enforce regulations | • Technical resource • Financial resource • Political resource |
Niger | • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • Attending trainings with the Head of the NRA, facilitation of travel by Head of NRA • Tools available to embark on district inspections | • Political resource • Political resource • Technical resource | • Inadequate human resource for PV activities • Untrained PV staff • No dedicated budget for PV | • Human resource • Human resource • Financial resource |
MSH Group 2- Countries with basic organizational structures for PV | ||||
Country | Successful experiences | Successful resources assigned | Unsuccessful experiences | Unsuccessful resources assigned |
Congo-DRC | • Technical support received through collaboration with development partners and PHPs • Introduction of android smartphones to communicate effectively with health practitioners • More trained human resource from Implementation of Drug Therapeutic Committees(DTC) | • Social resource • Technical resource • Human resource | • Inadequate reporting infrastructure • Untrained PV staff • No dedicated budget for PV | • Technical resource • Human resource • Financial resource |
Ethiopia | • Trained PV staff • Introduced PV into national curriculum, to train more human resource for PV • Fulltime MSH employee placed at the national centre to help with PV activities | • Human resource • Human resource • Human resource | • Lack of accredited laboratories • More human resources are needed to deliver on mandate • Poor AEFI reporting infrastructure | • Technical resource • Human resource • Technical resource |
Kenya | • Two ministers of state took part in the launch of the PV system. • Launch of online pharmacovigilance electronic reporting system • Funds provided through joint post market surveillance with PHPs | • Political resource • Technical resource • Financial resource | • More human resources are needed to deliver on mandate • Inadequate reporting infrastructure • No PV law to enforce regulations | • Human resource • Technical resource • Political resource |
Mozambique | • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • Funds for training received through collaboration with WHO • Availability of legal instruments to promote PV | • Political resource • Financial resource • Political resource | • Untrained PV staff • No dedicated budget for PV • Poor collaboration with PHPs | • Human resource • Financial resource • Social resource |
Rwanda | • Trained PV staff • Implemented performance based evaluations for district hospitals • Collaboration with AMRH and EAC-PV harmonization to promote PV activities | • Human resource • Technical resource • Social resource | • Inadequate human resource for PV activities • No dedicated budget for PV • Poor collaboration with PHPs | • Human resource • Financial resource • Social resource |
Senegal | • Trained PV staff • Tools available for data analysis and data sharing • Funds for training received through collaboration with NMCP | • Human resource • Technical resource • Financial resource | • No PV staff with data management expertise • No PV representatives in the regions of the country, only the capital region • No dedicated budget for PV | • Human resource • Political resource • Financial resource |
Sierra Leone | • Adjustment of malaria treatment due to strong collaboration with NMCP • Deployment of PV focal persons to various regions of the country, thus decentralizing PV • Introduced PV into national curriculum, to train more human resource for PV | • Social resource • Political resource • Human resource | • No dedicated budget for PV • Inadequate reporting infrastructure • No PV law to enforce regulations | • Financial resource • Political resource • Political resource |
Zimbabwe | • Donor funding available for PV related projects • Guidance documents and publications available for PV work • AEFI Surveillance systems established since 2001 | • Financial resource • Technical resource • Technical resource | • No internet (Wi-Fi) services to submit data to VigiBase • Inability to generate own funds • Inadequate human resource for PV activities | • Technical resource • Financial resource • Human resource |
Group 4- Countries with basic structures for passive and active surveillance | ||||
Country | Â | Successful resources | Â | Unsuccessful resources |
Namibia | • Ministry of Health gave the mandate to setup the national centre • Active surveillance tools available for safety monitoring • Implemented patient reporting system | • Political resource • Technical resource • Technical resource | • Inadequate human resource for PV activities • No dedicated budget for PV • Inadequate spontaneous reporting infrastructure | • Human resource • Financial resource • Technical resource |
Nigeria | • Active surveillance tools available for safety monitoring • Funds for training received through collaboration with PHPs • Guidance documents and publications available for PV work | • Technical resource • Financial resource • Technical resource | • No online reporting infrastructure • Inadequate human resource for PV activities • No PV law to enforce regulations | • Technical resource • Human resource • Political resource |