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Table 3 OLS estimation results for models 1 to 4

From: Development of a richer measure of health outcomes incorporating the impacts of income inequality, ethnic diversity, and ICT development on health

Test

Pooled OLS DKSE

OLS PCSE

Dep Var. (Health outcome)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

ICTindex

−0.051*** (0.002)

   

−0.027** (0.007)

   

ICTacs

 

−0.033* (0.017)

   

−0.014* (0.008)

  

ICTuse

  

−0.039*** (0.003)

   

−0.024*** (0.004)

 

ICTskl

   

0.063*** (0.013)

   

0.022** (0.012)

Gini

−0.012*** (0.009)

−0.010*** (0.001)

− 0.013*** (0.001)

−0.004*** (0.001)

− 0.002 (0.002)

−0.001 (0.002)

− 0.003* (0.002)

−0.000 (0.001)

RdExp

0.042*** (0.003)

0.037*** (0.002)

0.041*** (0.006)

0.016*** (0.002)

0.024** (0.011)

0.019* (0.011)

0.0 7** (0.010)

0.014 (0.011)

lnGDPpc

0.371*** (0.042)

0.365*** (0.056)

0.372*** (0.034)

0.342*** (0.016)

0.328*** (0.014)

0.311*** (0.043)

0.344*** (0.039)

0.282*** (0.037)

ObstM

−0.007*** (0.001)

− 0.009*** (0.002)

− 0.005*** (0.000)

− 0.011 (0.002)

− 0.007*** (0.002)

−0.009*** (0.002)

− 0.005*** (0.002)

−0.010*** (0.002)

TerEdu

0.004*** (0.001)

0.003*** (0.001)

0.005*** (0.001)

0.0002 (0.001)

0.002** (0.001)

0.001 (0.001)

0.002*** (0.001)

0.000 (0.001)

lnHrWrk

0.065 (0.026)

0.033 (0.029)

0.075 (0.025)

−0.062* (0.030)

−0.167* (0087)

− 0.196** (0.090)

−0.108 (0.078)

− 0.226** (0.090)

SudRt

−0.011*** (0.002)

− 0.011*** (0.001)

−0.011*** (0.002)

− 0.010*** (0.001)

−0.002 (0.002)

− 0.002 (0.002)

−0.004** (0.002)

− 0.002 (0.002)

Obs

339

339

339

339

339

339

339

339

N-group

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

R-Sq

0.7085

.6805

0.7488

0.6995

0.8594

0.8433

0.8518

0.8438

VIF mean

    

2.23

2.40

2.07

2.04

CSD p-value

    

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

Hetero p-value

    

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

AutoCorr p-value

    

0..17

0.15

0.19

0.13

JB test p-value

    

0.054

0.190

0.143

0.285

  1. Notes: Significant at 10, 5, and 1% level is defined by *, **, and ***, respectively. Standard error appear in the parentheses. Obs indicates the number of observations, VIF shows the variance inflation factor test results for multicollinearity, Hetero is the test of heteroskedasticity, Autcorr is the first-order serial correlation test [41], CSD is the cross-section dependence test [37] and JB test is the Jarque-Bera residual normality test [55]