Patent landscape of neglected tropical diseases: an analysis of worldwide patent families

Table 3 Global data of countries affected by NTDs, drugs donated, burden of each disease, and number of patent families

Neglected Tropical Diseases (PCT/IDM)	Number of countries	Disease burden			Preventive Chemotherapy/Intensified disease management				Effectiveness of current interventions		Total granted/patent families
Neglected Tropical Diseases (PCT/IDM)	Number of countries	Incidence	Prevalence	DALYS	Prevention	Treatment	Resistance	Donated	Prevention	Treatment	Total granted/patent families
Taeniasis	>75	No data	No data	503,000	Praziquantel/Niclosamide through MDA, identification and treatment of cases, health education including hygiene and food safety, improved sanitation, improved pig husbandry, anthelmintic treatment of pigs, vaccination of pigs, Improved meat inspection and processing of meat products.	Praziquantel/Niclosamide	Yes [40]	Yes	High	High	48/231
Trachoma (PCT)	42	No data	3,557,122	279,200	Azithromycin through MDA programs SAFE strategy	Azithromycin, Tetracycline	Yes [41]	Yes	High	High	514/2094
Yaws (IDM)	13	No data	No data	No data	Azithromycin through MDA programs. Health education and improvement in personal hygiene are essential components of prevention.	Azithromycin Benzathine Penicillin	Probably [42]	No	High	High	203/880

PCT Preventive chemotherapy and transmission control
IDM innovative and intensified disease management
MDA mass drug administration
N/A not applicable
SAFE surgery for advanced disease, antibiotics to clear Chlamydia trachomatis infection, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement to reduce transmission
Sources: 1) The disease burden disability adjusted life years (DALYS) (the sum of years lost due to premature death (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs)), Incidence (the total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time), and Prevalence (the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population), values −2015 were obtained from Global Health Data Exchange [43] and [14], 2) The number of countries and drugs used (Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission Control; and Innovative and Intensified Disease Management) were obtained from WHO fact sheets [44], 3) Data on number of patent families was retrieved from Patseer database, 4) Efficacy/effectiveness/efficiency notes were obtained from the Third WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases [45]

ISSN: 1744-8603