From: Patent landscape of neglected tropical diseases: an analysis of worldwide patent families
Neglected Tropical Diseases (PCT/IDM) | Number of countries | Disease burden | Interventions | Effectiveness of current interventions | Granted patent families/all patent families | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | Prevalence | DALYs | Prevention | Treatment | Drug Resistance | Drug Donated | Prevention | Treatment | |||
Buruli ulcer (IDM) | 33 | No data | No data | No data | There are currently no primary preventive measures that can be applied. The mode of transmission is not known and there is no vaccine. | Rifampicin and streptomycin | Yes [29] | No | N/A | High | 103/322 |
Rifampicin and clarithromycin | Yes [29] | No | High | ||||||||
Chagas disease (IDM) | 21 | 8404 | 6,653,578 | 236,100 | Vector control is the most effective method of prevention. Blood screening is necessary to prevent infection through transfusion and organ transplantation. | Benznidazole and Nifurtimox | Yes [30] | No | Low | High | 449/1658 |
Dengue | >100 | 86,257,710 | 4,729,962 | 1,892,200 | The main method of prevention is to combat vector mosquitoes. The first dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) by Sanofi Pasteur, was registered in several countries. | No specific drug to treat | No | No | Low | N/A | 829/2879 |
Dracunculiasis (PCT) | 3 | No data | No data | No data | There is no vaccine to prevent. Prevention is possible through complex preventive strategies. | No specific drug to treat | No | No | High | N/A | 15/63 |
Echinococcosis | Very few countries are completely free of these parasites | 313,264 | 1,382,975 | 600,000 | Prevention programs focus on deworming of dogs and sheep. In the case of cystic echinococcosis, control measures also include improved food inspection, slaughterhouse hygiene, and public education campaigns. | Percutaneous treatment of the hydatid cysts with PAIR (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) technique | Yes [31] | No | High | Low | 96/535 |
Food-borne trematodiases | 75 | No data | 71,095,424 | 168,500 | Veterinary public health measures and food safety practices and education are recommended to reduce the risk of infection. Triclabendazole/Praziquantel through MDA programs. | Triclabendazole/Praziquantel | Yes [32] | Yes | High | High | 59/269 |