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Table 7 Between country difference-in-difference estimates for loge rate of change in soft drink category sales volumes per capita before and after ratification (2006) and enforcement (2009) of the US-Peru FTA

From: Trade and investment liberalization, food systems change and highly processed food consumption: a natural experiment contrasting the soft-drink markets of Peru and Bolivia

 

Year

Estimate

Unadjusted

Adjusted for GDP

Adjusted for GDP & time trends

N

Carbonates

2006

Diff-in-diff

−1.44*** (0.53)

−1.46*** (0.56)

−1.39*** (0.48)

30

R2

0.30 (p = 0.006)

0.30 (p = 0.009)

0.57 (p = 0.004)

2009

Diff-in-diff

−1.36*** (0.50)

−1.35*** (0.51)

−1.35** (0.58)

30

R2

0.37 (p = 0.006)

0.38 (p = 0.009)

0.38 (p = 0.019

Bottled water

2006

Diff-in-diff

0.62* (0.32)

0.59* (0.33)

0.62* (0.32)

30

R2

0.68 (p = 0.051)

0.69 (p = 0.07)

0.74 (p = 0.051)

2009

Diff-in-diff

0.63** (0.31)

0.59* (0.34)

0.63** (0.26)

30

R2

0.45 (p = 0.043)

0.47 (p = 0.085)

0.77 (p = 0.016)

Juice

2006

Diff-in-diff

0.09 (0.81)

0.48 (0.69)

0.53 (0.66)

30

R2

0.04

0.47

0.55

2009

Diff-in-diff

−0.47 (0.60)

−0.02 (0.52)

−0.21 (0.55)

30

R2

0.04

0.53

0.55

Sports & energy drinks

2006

Diff-in-diff

0.12 (0.86)

0.27 (0.73)

0.26 (0.75)

30

R2

0.11

0.34

0.37

2009

Diff-in-diff

−0.90 (0.65)

−0.63 (0.58)

−0.67 (0.63)

30

R2

0.13

0.35

0.38

  1. Notes: *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01, standard-errors in parentheses