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Table 5 Main cost data of reviewed studies

From: The economic burden of diabetes in India: a review of the literature

Ref

Author

Year of data

INR per USD

Health system costs INR (USD current value/USD 2014 value)/person

Individual/household costs INR (USD current value/USD 2014 value)/person

    

Direct

Indirect

Direct

Indirect

[28]

Abdi et al.

2012*

53.06

Drug consumption (DDD1/100 bed days) 13.42 (0.25) (0.26)

   

[29]

Adiga et al.

2008

39.41

  

Annual costs of consultations and drugs 19,076.07(484.04/535.14)

 

[44]

Akari et al.

2012

53.06

Average cost for patient with diabetes complication (including costs of drugs, consultations, hospitalisation, (314.15/325.69), without (29.91/30.17)

   

[30]

Bjork et al.

1999

42.49

  

Total costs, annual (drugs, monitoring, check-ups, hospitalisation) 7,159 (168.49/240.73)

 

[31]

Grover et al.

2005*

43.40

Total costs over 6 months (incl. consultations, investigations, nursing, infrastructure) 205.55(4.74/5.78)

 

Total costs over 6 months (incl. drugs, food, travel) 4,966.42 (114.43/139.47)

Total costs (income loss, patient and caregiver) 2,086.74(48.08/58.60)

[32]

Joshi et al.

2010

46.61

  

Cost per consultation 166 (3.56/3.89)

 

[33]

Kuchake et al.

2010

46.61

  

Cost per consultation 116.85 (2.51/2.74)

 

[34]

Kumar et al.

2005

43.40

  

Total costs per year (incl. consultations, tests, drugs, monitoring) 6,212.4 (143.14/174.76)2

 

[35]

Kumpatla et al.

2009

48.76

  

Total cost without complication 4,493 (92.15/102.24), with complication(s) 15,280 (313.37/347.69)3

 

[36]

Ramachandran et al.

2005

43.4

  

Total costs (incl. drugs, tests, consultations, hospitalisation, surgery, median) 8,130 (187.33/228.32)5

 

[37]

Rao et al.

2004

45.60

  

Costs per hospitalisation 5925(136.5/172)

 

[38]

Rayappa et al.

1999

39.10

Annual societal costs (incl. routine, monitoring, tests, hospital) 1,305.20 (33.38/47.69)

Annual societal costs 15,376.30 (393.25/561.86)

Annual costs (incl. routine, monitoring, tests, hospital) 15460.40 (395.41/564.95)

Annual costs 3,572.5 (91.37/130.55)

[45]

Satyavany et al.

2010

46.61

  

Total annual costs for a patient with Kidney problems associated with diabetes: 392,920 (8450/9224.06)[transplantation]; 61,170 (1,315/1435.46) [dialysis]; 12,664(272296.62)[CKD stages]; 3,214 (69/75.32)[without complications]

 

[39]

Shivaprakash et al.

2005

43.40

  

Cost per consultation 363(8.36/10.19)

 

[40]

Shobhana et al.

1999

39.1

  

Costs during 6 months (incl. consultation, surgery, hospitalisation, tests, drugs, transport)12,055(308.31/440.506

 

[41]

Shobhana et al.

2000

Values for both currencies as provided in the article

  

Total annual costs (including drugs, tests, consultation, hospital, transport) Inpatient 15,596(331.8/468.65), Outpatient 8,578(200.7/277.3)

 

[42]

Shobhana et al.

1999

42.49

  

Total annual costs (incl. drugs, tests, consultation, hospital, surgery, transport) private hospital 4,510 (106.1/151.59), public hospital 246 (5.8/8.29)

 

[43]

Tharkar et al.

2009

48.76

  

Total annual costs (incl. consultation, drugs, investigation, transport, food, miscellaneous, accommodation for alternate caregiver, management) 25,391 (520.73/577.76)

 

[46]

Tharkar et al.

2007

44.11

  

Total costs hospital admission during 2 years (Incl. drugs, investigations, miscellaneous, admin), without comorbidities 28,000 (634.78/728.73), with comorbidities 38,000 (861.48/988.99)

 
  1. Notes: USD current refers to the value reported in the study, USD 2014 it the value adjusted to 2014 price levels using http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm.
  2. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; INR: Indian rupee.
  3. *Year of data collection could not be identified. Year of publication utilised as proxy.
  4. 1DDD: defined daily dose.
  5. 2 Total costs per year are averaged between male and female.
  6. 3Values for patients with complications are average of 5 groups: renal, cardiovascular, foot, retinal, two complications.
  7. 4Values are average of treatment arms: human insulin and blood, glucose monitoring, bovine insulin and blood glucose monitoring, bovine insulin and urine glucose monitoring.
  8. 5Values are average of urban and rural population.
  9. 6Values are average of outpatients and hospital patients with foot problems.