From: Globalization of leptospirosis through travel and migration
Reference | Country | Period of study | Total cases | Total fever cases | Country of exposure | Type of travel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jensenius et al., [45] | North America, Europe, Israel, Japan, Australia, New Zealand | 1996 – 2011 | 88(2.65%) | 3326 | Caribbean - 7, Central America - 15, North Africa - 3, Oceania - 2, South America - 4, South Central Asia - 3, Southeast Asia - 49 (Thailand - 19, Laos - 11), Sub-Saharan Africa - 5 | Tourists-82% Others; on business and visiting friends and relatives |
Flores-Figueroa et al., [49] | Canada - 1 | 1996-2010 | 6(0.75%) | 804 | Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama | Tourist, missionary and business |
USA – 4 | ||||||
France - 1 | ||||||
Siikamaki et al., [48] | Finland (Helsinki) | 2005 – 2009 | 1(0.21%) |  | Asia |  Unknown |
Field et al., [50] | Europe | 2008 | 7(0.50%) | 1378 | Cambodia-2, Cameroon-1, Central African Republic-1, Costa Rica-1, Indonesia-1, Reunion-1 | Unknown |
Askling et al., [46] | Sweden | 2005-2008 | 7(0.50%) | 1432 | Tropical countries - Africa, Asia, America | Unknown |
Goldsmid et al., [47] | Australia (Tasmania) | Â | 1 | NR | India | Studies (river) |