From: Challenges in diabetes management in Indonesia: a literature review
Estimate | Study year | Sample frame and sample | Study design | Diagnostic test and diagnostic criteria | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetic nephropathy | |||||
7.3%, n = 131, N = 1785 | Nov 2008 - Feb 2009 | Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative | Cross-sectional study | Blood samples | [26] |
Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, > = 15 years old | |||||
19.2%, n = 58, N = 302 | Year: NA | Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya | Retrospective review of medical records over one year |  | [28] |
Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years | |||||
Overt nephropathy 11% Incipient nephropathy 26% | 2003 | Sample frame: Tertiary care hospital, Outpatient Endocrinology Clinic | Cross sectional study | Â | [30] |
Sample: 100 consecutive sampling, mean age 54 (SD 9.6) years old, 42% male 58% female | |||||
Overt nephropathy 8% Incipient nephropathy 25% | 2002 | Sample frame: Primary health care, Jakarta (Urban Area) | Cross sectional study | [27] | |
Sample: NA, 30–60 years old | |||||
Chronic kidney disease | |||||
Prevalence of decreased glomeral filtration rate (GFR < 60 ml/min) in newly diagnosed patients with type-2 DM: | Jan 2003-Dec 2006 | Sample frame: Outpatient Endocrinology clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital | Retrospective study |  | [25] |
Sample: 1283 new diagnosed DM type 2 patients | |||||
Cockroft-Gault (CG) All ages: 36.1% ≥ 60 years old: 54.1% | |||||
Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) All ages: 13.2% ≥ 60 years old: 19.3% | |||||
CG-adjusted to body surface (BSA) All ages: 43.7% ≥ 60 years old: 63% | |||||
Chinese adapted MDRD (C-MDRD) All ages: 22.8% | |||||
Creatinine > 2 mg/ml (abnormal level in Indonesia) All ages: 5.8% ≥ 60 years old: 7.5% | |||||
Prevalence of decreased glomeral filtration rate (GFR < 60 ml/min) patients with type-2 DM: | 2002 | Sample frame: Primary health care, Jakarta (Urban Area) | Cross sectional study |  | [27] |
Sample: NA, 30–60 years old | |||||
30.7% (n = 16, N = 52) Albuminuria: 33% | |||||
Prevalence of decreased glomeral filtration rate | Year: NA | Sample frame: Four urban and semi-urban areas: Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Surabaya and Bali | Cross-sectional survey | Â | [32] |
Cockroft-Gault: GFR ≥ 60 ml/min 87.5% (n = 1310) GFR < 60 ml/min 12.5% (n = 187) | |||||
Sample: 9412 (64.1% females). Note: From Prodjosudjadi et al. 2009 it is not clear which sub-sample was used to estimate the glomeral filtration rate. | |||||
MDRD GFR ≥ 60 ml/min 91.4% (n = 1370) GFR < 60 ml/min 8.6% (n = 129) | |||||
C-MDRD GFR ≥ 60 ml/min 92.5% (n = 1386) GFR < 60 ml/min 7.5% (n = 133) | |||||
Prevalence of: | May-October 2002 | Sample frame: three medical centres (outpatient) | Â | Â | [29] |
-albuminuria: 77.7% | |||||
-macro-albuminuria: 44.7% (41.2-48.1, 95% CI) | |||||
-micro-albuminuria: 33% (29.7-36.3, 95% CI) | Sample: 207 patients aged 18Â years and older, with hypertension and DMT2 | ||||
Incidence of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease in Indonesia was 14.5 (n = 2149) and 30.7 (n = 4656) per million population in 2002 and 2006 respectively. | 2002-2006 | Sample frame: 13 nephrology centres in public and private hospitals | Retrospective study |  | [22] |
Sample: Total number of patients on renal replacement therapy (either haemodyalisis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or renal transplant) | |||||
Prevalence of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease in Indonesia was 10.2 (n = 1517) and 23.4 (n = 3549) in 2002 and 2006 respectively. | |||||
Complications in children with DM type 1 | Nov 2001 - April 2002 | Sample frame: Seven diabetes centres | Cross-sectional clinic-based survey | Â | [21] |
Hypoglycaemia (Events per 100 patient-years, rate (95% CI)): 76.2 (3.4 to 149) | Sample: 64 DM type 1 patients (45% boys, 55%, girls), mean age 11 | ||||
Diabetic ketoacidosis: 20.3 (9.5 to 31.2) | |||||
Microalbuminuria (n,%): 3 (4.7) | |||||
Hypertension (%) 31.7 |