Table 3 Complications of the vascular system

Diabetic retinopathy

42.6%, n = 760, N = 1785

Nov 2008 - Feb 2009

Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative

Cross-sectional study

Blood samples

[26]

Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, ≥ 15 years old

17.2%, n = 52, N = 302

Year: NA

Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya

Retrospective review of medical records over one year

[28]

Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years

28%

2002

Sample frame: Primary health care, Jakarta (Urban Area)

Cross sectional study

[27]

Sample: NA, 30–60 years old

Diabetic neuropathy

63.5%, n = 1133, N = 1785

Nov 2008 - Feb 2009

Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative

Cross-sectional study

Blood samples

[26]

Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, > = 15 years old

58.6%, n = 177, N = 302

Year: NA

Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya

Retrospective review of medical records over one year

[28]

Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years

70% in malnutrition-related diabetes, n = 7, n = 10

Study period: NA

Sample frame: Dr. Sutomo Hospital, Surabaya

Cross-sectional

[31]

Sample: 27 diabetic patients between 22 and 55 years old

78% in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, n = 7,

N = 9 13% in insulin-dependent diabetes, n = 1, N = 8

Vascular complications

Macrovascular 16%, n = 285; microvascular 27.6%, n = 493; N = 1785

Nov 2008 - Feb 2009

Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative

Cross-sectional study

Blood samples

[26]

Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, > = 15 years old

Macrovascular 20% microvascular 53%

2006 - 2007

Sample frame: Patients with type 2 diabetes

Multi-centre, cross-sectional, observational study.

Prevalence-based approach to estimate resource use occurred during a 1-year period.

[18]

Sample: N = 674, mean age 55.2 (SD = 10.2), 55% females, mean duration for diabetes 6.1 (SD = 6.4) years.

Diabetic foot 7.3%, n = 22, N = 302

Year: NA

Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya

Retrospective review of medical records over one year

[28]

Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) DM type 2 patients

Year: NA

Sample frame: 14 hospitals in Indonesia

DM type 2 diabetes patients, aged 50 and older with one or more of the following risk factors: on smoking or with history of smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia

Blood pressure measurement at upper arms and ankles to obtain the ankle-brachial index (ABI)

[23]

13,807 PAD patients per 100,000 patients

PAD was defined as an ABI value lower than 0.9.

Sample: 464 males and 521 females

Prevalence of diabetic foot according to Wagner’s classification

1999 - 2004

Sample frame: Koja Regional General Hospital Jakarta

Retrospective analysis of medical records.

[24]

Degree 0 (high risk-foot with no ulcer) 71.6% (n = 202)

Sample: Diabetic patients, inpatient and outpatient, with diabetic foot

Degree 1 (superficial ulcer) 1.8% (n = 5)

Degree 2 (deep ulcer with no bone involvement or abscess formation) 2.5% (n = 7)

Degree 3 (deep ulcer with cellulitis or abscess formation) 3.9% (n = 11)

Degree 4 (localised gangrene) 6.7% (n = 19)

Degree 5 (extended gangrene involving the whole foot) 13.5% (n = 38)

As many as 15% of diabetic patients will suffer from ulcer in their lifetime, and will 12-24% undergo amputation.

2007

Sample frame: Tertiary Care Hospital

Retrospective study

(unpublished observationsⁱ)

Sample: Sequential sampling of all diabetic patients hospitalised in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital