Table 1 Summary of “Push” and “Pull” factors on the migration of health workers

Push factors encouraging emigration from source countries

• Poor remuneration [1–15]

• Concerns for personal safety [1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13]

• Few career prospects and opportunities for promotion [1, 4–8, 12–15]

• Poor working conditions and heavy workload [1, 4–10, 12–15]

• Poor living conditions [1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14]

Pull factors encouraging immigration to destination countries

• Better remuneration [1–3, 5–7, 9–15]

• Safer environment [1, 2, 4, 5, 12]

• Professional development and career advancement opportunities [1, 4–8, 12, 14, 15]

• Improved working conditions and facilities [1, 4–10, 12, 14, 15]

• Higher standards of living [2, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14]