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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women in Ghana

 

Urban (n=290)

Rural (n=677)

 
   

p-value

Age (mean and SD)

27.8 (5.3)

27.3 (6.0)

0.281

Parity n (%)

  

<0.001

  0

104 (35.9)

142 (21.0)

 

  1 - 4

181 (62.4)

425 (62.8)

 

  >=5

5 (1.7)

110 (16.2)

 

Educational level n (%)

  

<0.001

None or primary school

45 (15.5)

214 (31.6)

 

Junior secondary school/Middle school

118 (40.7)

221 (32.6)

 

Senior secondary school or higher

125 (43.1)

129 (19.0)

 

Unknown

2 (0.7)

113 (16.7)

 

Profession ion n (%)

  

<0.001

Domestic worker/farmer/labourer

9 (3.1)

174 (25.7)

 

Seamstress/hairdresser/trader/food seller

163 (56.2)

332 (49.0)

 

Teacher/nurse/accounts/administrative/clerical/secretarial

64 (22.1)

10 (1.5)

 

Other

24 (8.3)

2 (0.3)

 

Unknown

2 (0.7)

159 (23.5)

 

None

28 (9.7)

0 (0.0)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

28.0 (4.8)

25.8 (4.0)

< 0.001

  BMI categories n (%):

  

< 0.001

  BMI <18.5

0 (0.0)

2 (0.3)

 

  BMI 18.5 - < 25

84 (29.0)

327 (48.3)

 

  BMI 25 - < 30

123 (42.2)

252 (37.2)

 

  BMI >30

83 (28.6)

91 (13.4)

 

Unknown

0 (0.0)

5 (0.7)

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

104.8 (12.8)

101.9 (10.9)

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

66.0 (9.6)

61.1 (7.7)

<0.001

Pulse rate

93.4 (11.8)

91.1 (11.9)

0.130

Smoking n (%)

  

0.538

  Yes

1 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

 

  No

289 (99.7)

674 (99.6)

 

  Unknown

0 (0.0)

2 (0.2)

 

Alcohol consumption n (%)

  

0.506

  Yes

5 (1.7)

8 (1.2)

 

  No

285 (98.3)

667 (98.5)

 

  Unknown

0 (0.0)

2 (0.3)

 
  1. Values are mean (SD) or n (%). BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure.