Table 1 Quantitative data of responses from key informant consultation on AMR
Question | Yes | No | DNK |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Commit to a comprehensive, financed national plan with accountability and civil society engagement | |||
1a. Does your country have a comprehensive national plan to combat or manage the problem of antimicrobial resistance? | 4 | 28 | 9 |
(9.8) | (68.3) | (22.0) | |
1b. Are local or institutional plans in place for combating or managing antimicrobial resistance even if no national plan? | 25 | 10 | 5 |
(62.5) | (25.0) | (12.5) | |
1c. Is there a reliable estimate of what the financial cost of combating or managing antimicrobial resistance would be in your country? | 4 | 21 | 16 |
(9.8) | (51.2) | (21.4) | |
1d. Is it clear to you who (person or body) is responsible for combating or managing antimicrobial resistance in your country? | 17 | 16 | 9 |
(40.5) | (38.1) | (21.4) | |
1e. Are partners other than the government involved in combating or managing antimicrobial resistance in your country? | 19 | 15 | 6 |
(47.5) | (37.5) | (11.2) | |
2. Strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacity | |||
2a. Is there a comprehensive AMR surveillance system in your country? | 12 | 23 | 7 |
(28.6) | (54.8) | (16.7) | |
2b. Are there surveillance systems for AMR in specific organisms such as HIV, malaria, TB, or influenza in your country? | 27 | 5 | 10 |
(64.3) | (11.9) | (23.5) | |
2c. Is it clear to you who is responsible for AMR surveillance in your country? | 21 | 13 | 8 |
(50.0) | (31.0) | (19.0) | |
2d. Is there sufficient laboratory capacity in your country to monitory AMR? | 13 | 23 | 9 |
(28.9) | (51.1) | (23.8) | |
2e. Do you know who is responsible for the laboratory monitoring of AMR? | 20 | 8 | 12 |
(50.0) | (20.0) | (30.0) | |
2 f. Is there a system of monitoring or surveillance for drug consumption in your country? | 17 | 8 | 12 |
(45.9) | (20.0) | (19.4) | |
3. Ensure medicines of good quality and regular supply | |||
3a. Does drug quality in your country meet international standards? | 27 | 7 | 8 |
(64.3) | (16.7) | (19.0) | |
3b. Is there a mechanism to halt or control the sale of counterfeit and substandard medicines? | 30 | 7 | 5 |
(71.4) | (16.7) | (6.5) | |
3c. Is there a reliable supply or essential medicines to treat infections? | 33 | 3 | 6 |
(78.6) | (7.1) | (14.3) | |
3d. Is the essential medicine list harmonized or consistent with standard treatment guidelines? | 33 | 2 | 7 |
(76.6) | (4.6) | (16.7) | |
3e. Is there a method for ensuring that expired or improperly stored drugs are not used? | 29 | 4 | 9 |
(69.0) | (9.5) | (21.4) | |
4. Regulate and promote rational use of medicines, including in animal husbandry, and ensure proper patient care | |||
4a. Are standard treatment guidelines and continuing education used as part of health provider registration accreditation? | 20 | 14 | 9 |
(46.5) | (32.6) | (20.9) | |
4b. Are antimicrobials available only by prescription from a trained health worker? | 23 | 18 | 2 |
(53.5) | (41.9) | (4.7) | |
4c. Is there a method to ban non-recommended monotherapy with key antimicrobials, such as anti-TB, anti-HIV, and anti-malarial drugs? | 21 | 10 | 12 |
(48.8) | (23.3) | (27.9) | |
4d. Is there legislation to control the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in food animals? | 3 | 20 | 20 |
(7.0) | (46.5) | (46.5) | |
4e. Is there any public education on appropriate use of antimicrobials? | 15 | 24 | 4 |
(34.9) | (55.8) | (9.3) | |
5. Enhance infection prevention and control | |||
5a. Do standards for infection prevention and control (IPC) for health care institutions exist? | 32 | 5 | 4 |
(78.0) | (12.2) | (9.8) | |
5b. Is adequate IPC part of health institution accreditation or registration in your country? | 13 | 22 | 6 |
(31.7) | (53.7) | (14.6) | |
5c. Is there a continuing education programme to promote IPC among health workers? | 25 | 9 | 7 |
(61.0) | (22.0) | (17.1) | |
5d. Is there a programme to promote IPC among the general population? | 12 | 23 | 6 |
(29.3) | (56.1) | (14.6) | |
5e. Do you know who is responsible for IPC in your country? | 31 | 6 | 4 |
(75.6) | (14.6) | (9.8) | |
6. Foster innovations and research and development of new tools | |||
6a. Is operational research being done to improve the use of existing antimicrobials? | 16 | 14 | 12 |
(38.1) | (33.3) | (28.6) | |
6b. Is research being done to improve the use of existing diagnostic methods for AMR? | 13 | 17 | 12 |
(31.0) | (40.5) | (28.6) | |
6c. Is basic research being done to develop new antimicrobials in your country? | 4 | 27 | 11 |
(9.5) | (64.3) | (26.2) | |
6d. Is basic research being done to develop new diagnostics in your country? | 9 | 19 | 14 |
(21.4) | (45.2) | (33.3) | |
6e. Is there a process to assess whether new antimicrobials and diagnostic should be introduced? | 17 | 14 | 11 |
(40.5) | (33.3) | (26.2) | |