| Overall rating (Mean±SD) | P - value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rating parameter | Brown rice | Unrefined maize ugali | Unrefined sorghum ugali | Â | ||||
Smell | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 0.63 | ||||
Taste | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | <0.01 | ||||
Appearance | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.21 | ||||
Color | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 6 ± 3 | 0.21 | ||||
Texture | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 0.06 | ||||
Shine | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.50 | ||||
Hardness | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 0.06 | ||||
Configuration | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.10 | ||||
Rating by gender (Mean±SD) | ||||||||
Rating parameter | Men (N = 18) | p - value | Women (N = 26) | p - value | ||||
 | Brown rice | Unrefined maize ugali | Unrefined sorghum ugali |  | Brown rice | Unrefined maize ugali | Unrefined sorghum ugali |  |
Smell | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 2 | 0.26 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 0.33 |
Taste | 6 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 0.14 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | <0.01 |
Appearance | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.12 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 0.80 |
Color | 6 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.46 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 0.45 |
Texture | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 0.51 | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 0.06 |
Hardness | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 0.62 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 0.06 |
Shine | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.17 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 1.00 |
Configuration | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.79 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.08 |
Rating by region (Mean±SD) | ||||||||
Rating parameter | Dar es Salaam (N = 23) | p - value | Morogoro (N = 21) | p - value | ||||
 | Brown rice | Unrefined maize ugali | Unrefined sorghum ugali |  | Brown rice | Unrefined maize ugali | Unrefined sorghum ugali |  |
Smell | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 0.19 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 0.04 |
Taste | 7 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 0.02 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 0.14 |
Appearance | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.05 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.48 |
Color | 6 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 0.25 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 0.26 |
Texture | 7 ± 3 | 9 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 0.01 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 0.92 |
Hardness | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 9 ± 2 | 0.08 | 6 ± 2 | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 0.50 |
Shine | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 0.48 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 0.60 |
Configuration | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 0.69 | 7 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 0.04 |