TY - STD TI - Curriculum of M.B.B.S[http://www.pmdc.org.pk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKfBIOSDTkE%3D] UR - http://www.pmdc.org.pk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKfBIOSDTkE%3D ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - Medical education in the United States. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_education_in_the_United_States] UR - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_education_in_the_United_States ID - ref2 ER - TY - STD TI - Common Program Requirements. [http://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramResources/Common_Program_Requirements_07012011%5B1%5D.pdf] UR - http://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramResources/Common_Program_Requirements_07012011%5B1%5D.pdf ID - ref3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mullan, F. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - The metrics of the physician brain drain JO - N Engl J Med VL - 353 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa050004 DO - 10.1056/NEJMsa050004 ID - Mullan2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aluwihare, A. P. R. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Physician migration: donor country impact JO - J Contin Educ Health Prof VL - 25 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/chp.4 DO - 10.1002/chp.4 ID - Aluwihare2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klein, D. AU - Hofmeister, M. AU - Lockyear, J. AU - Crutcher, R. AU - Fidler, H. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Push, pull, and plant: the personal side of physician immigration to Alberta, Canada JO - Fam Med VL - 41 ID - Klein2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Syed, N. A. AU - Khimani, F. AU - Andrades, M. AU - Ali, S. K. AU - Paul, R. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Reasons for migration among medical students from Karachi JO - Medical Education VL - 42 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02904.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02904.x ID - Syed2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burnham, G. M. AU - Lafta, R. AU - Doocy, S. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Doctors leaving 12 tertiary hospitals in Iraq, 2004–2007 JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 69 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.021 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.021 ID - Burnham2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hagopian, A. AU - Thompson, M. AU - Fordyce, M. AU - Johnson, K. AU - Hart, L. G. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain JO - Hum Resour Health VL - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-2-17 DO - 10.1186/1478-4491-2-17 ID - Hagopian2004 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ong, P. AU - Liu, J. M. ED - Ong, P. ED - Bonacich, E. ED - Cheng, L. H. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - US immigration policies and Asian migration BT - The New Asian immigration in Los Angeles and global restructuring PB - Temple University Press CY - Philadelphia ID - Ong1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arah, O. A. AU - Ogbu, U. C. AU - Okeke, C. E. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Too poor to leave, too rich to stay: developmental and global health correlates of physician migration to the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom JO - Am J Public Health VL - 98 UR - https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844 ID - Arah2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaushik, M. AU - Jaiswal, A. AU - Shah, N. AU - Mahal, A. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - High-end physician migration from India JO - Bull World Health Organ VL - 86 UR - https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.041681 DO - 10.2471/BLT.07.041681 ID - Kaushik2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bezuidenhout, M. M. AU - Joubert, G. AU - Hiemstra, L. A. AU - Struwig, M. C. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Reasons for doctor migration from South Africa JO - SA Fam Pract VL - 51 ID - Bezuidenhout2009 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hathiyani, A. ED - Graham, K. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Professional immigrants on a road to driving taxis in Toronto BT - Our diverse cities. Volume 4 PB - Metropolis CY - Ottawa ID - Hathiyani2007 ER - TY - STD TI - The World Heath Report. [http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/whr00_en.pdf] UR - http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/whr00_en.pdf ID - ref15 ER - TY - STD TI - Healthcare in Pakistan:Healthcare in Pakistan. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_Pakistan] UR - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in_Pakistan ID - ref16 ER - TY - STD TI - Federal Government Expenditure on Health. [http://202.83.164.25/wps/portal/Moh/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3h_Nx9_SzcPIwMDs2BTAyMfN08TXyd_Y3NfE_2CbEdFADJB4oI!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/MohCL/ministry/sahealthfacts/1_health+facts] UR - http://202.83.164.25/wps/portal/Moh/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3h_Nx9_SzcPIwMDs2BTAyMfN08TXyd_Y3NfE_2CbEdFADJB4oI!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/MohCL/ministry/sahealthfacts/1_health+facts ID - ref17 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Talati, J. J. AU - Pappas, G. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Migration, medical education, and health care: a view from Pakistan JO - Acad Med VL - 81 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ACM.0000243543.99794.07 DO - 10.1097/01.ACM.0000243543.99794.07 ID - Talati2006 ER - TY - STD TI - ECFMG Annual Report. [http://www.ecfmg.org/resources/ECFMG-2011-annual-report.pdf] UR - http://www.ecfmg.org/resources/ECFMG-2011-annual-report.pdf ID - ref19 ER - TY - STD TI - IMGs by Country of Origin. [http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/international-medical-graduates/imgs-in-united-states/imgs-country-origin.page] UR - http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/international-medical-graduates/imgs-in-united-states/imgs-country-origin.page ID - ref20 ER - TY - STD TI - NRMP Results and Data. 2012. [http://www.nrmp.org/data/resultsanddata2011.pdf] UR - http://www.nrmp.org/data/resultsanddata2011.pdf ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hauer, K. E. AU - Durning, S. J. AU - Kernan, W. N. AU - Fagan, M. J. AU - Mintz, M. AU - O’Sullivan, P. S. AU - Battistone, M. AU - DeFer, T. AU - Elnicki, M. AU - Harrell, H. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Factors associated with medical students' career choices regarding internal medicine JO - JAMA VL - 300 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.10.1154 DO - 10.1001/jama.300.10.1154 ID - Hauer2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Imran, N. AU - Azeem, Z. AU - Haider, I. I. AU - Amjad, N. AU - Bhatti, M. R. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Brain drain: post graduation migration intentions and the influencing factors among medical graduates from Lahore, Pakistan JO - BMC research notes VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-417 DO - 10.1186/1756-0500-4-417 ID - Imran2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akl, E. A. AU - Maroun, N. AU - Major, S. AU - Afif, C. AU - Abdo, A. AU - Choucair, J. AU - Sakr, M. AU - Li, C. K. AU - Grant, B. J. B. AU - Schünemann, H. J. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Post-graduation migration intentions of students of Lebanese medical schools: a survey study JO - BMC Public Health VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-191 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-8-191 ID - Akl2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rao, N. R. AU - Rao, U. K. AU - Cooper, R. A. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Indian medical students' views on immigration for training and practice JO - Acad Med VL - 81 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200602000-00020 DO - 10.1097/00001888-200602000-00020 ID - Rao2006 ER - TY - STD TI - Definition of root. [http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/root] UR - http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/root ID - ref26 ER - TY - STD TI - Liaison Committee on Medical Education. [http://www.lcme.org/] UR - http://www.lcme.org/ ID - ref27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parsi, K. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - International medical graduates and global migration of physicians: fairness, equity, and justice JO - Medscape J Med VL - 10 ID - Parsi2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Astor, A. AU - Akhtar, T. AU - Matallana, M. A. AU - Muthuswamy, V. AU - Olowu, F. A. AU - Tallo, V. AU - Lie, R. K. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Physician migration: Views from professionals in Colombia, Nigeria, India, Pakistan and the Philippines JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 61 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.003 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.003 ID - Astor2005 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Padarath, A. AU - Chamberlain, C. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - McCoy D, Ntuli A, Rowson M, Loewenson R: Health personnel in Southern Africa: confronting maldistribution and brain drain PB - Equinet CY - Harare ID - Padarath2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brown, R. P. C. AU - Connell, J. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - The migration of doctors and nurses from South Pacific Island Nations JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 58 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.020 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.020 ID - Brown2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dambisya, Y. M. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Career intentions of UNITRA medical students and their perceptions about the future JO - Education for Health-Abingdon-Carfax Publishing Limited- VL - 16 ID - Dambisya2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rehman, A. AU - Rehman, T. AU - Shaikh, M. A. AU - Yasmin, H. AU - Asif, A. AU - Kafil, H. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Pakistani medical students’ specialty preference and the influencing factors JO - JPMA The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association VL - 61 ID - Rehman2011 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Verbik, L. AU - Lasanowski, V. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - International student mobility: Patterns and trends BT - The Observatory on borderless higher education ID - Verbik2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Role of Immigration in Fostering Competitiveness in the United States. [http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/competitiveness-US.pdf] UR - http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/competitiveness-US.pdf ID - ref35 ER - TY - STD TI - Pay raise for doctors notified. [http://dawn.com/2011/07/23/pay-raise-for-doctors-notified/] UR - http://dawn.com/2011/07/23/pay-raise-for-doctors-notified/ ID - ref36 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Riaz, H. AU - Bhaumik, S. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Police target doctors over strike action in Pakistan JO - Lancet VL - 380 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61161-1 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61161-1 ID - Riaz2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jośko, J. AU - Kasperczyk, J. AU - Grzybowski, A. AU - Ejsmont, J. AU - Karwat, D. AU - Zarzeczna-Baran, M. AU - Jethon, Z. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Career plans of Polish medical university students JO - Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii VL - 92 ID - Jośko2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Luboga, S. AU - Hagopian, A. AU - Ndiku, J. AU - Bancroft, E. AU - McQuide, P. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Satisfaction, motivation, and intent to stay among Ugandan physicians: a survey from 18 national hospitals JO - International J Health Plan M VL - 26 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.1036 DO - 10.1002/hpm.1036 ID - Luboga2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ronaghy, H. A. AU - Zeighami, E. AU - Farahmand, N. AU - Zeighami, B. PY - 1976 DA - 1976// TI - Causes of physician migration: responses of Iranian physicians in the United States JO - Acad Med VL - 51 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-197604000-00005 DO - 10.1097/00001888-197604000-00005 ID - Ronaghy1976 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hagander, L. E. AU - Hughes, C. D. AU - Nash, K. AU - Ganjawalla, K. AU - Linden, A. AU - Martins, Y. AU - Casey, K. AU - Meara, J. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Surgeon migration between developing countries and the United States: train, retain, and gain from brain drain BT - World J Surg ID - Hagander2012 ER - TY - STD TI - ECFMG Fees and Payments. [http://www.ecfmg.org/fees/index.html] UR - http://www.ecfmg.org/fees/index.html ID - ref42 ER -