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Table 4 Socio-economic and demographic correlates of healthy lifestyle behaviour among Ghanaian adults (2003 and 2008)

From: Healthy lifestyle behaviour among Ghanaian adults in the phase of a health policy change

Socio-demographic variables

2003 B (Std. Error)

2008 B (Std. Error)

 

Females

Males

Females

Males

Constant

1.489 (.374)***

2.454 (.456)***

1.827 (.076)***

1.686 (.094)***

Type of place of residence

    

   Rural◙

    

   Urban

-.136 (.178)

-.493 (.246)*

-.038 (.048)

-.025 (.056)

Age

    

   18-19◙

    

   20-29

.251 (.363)

.281 (.393)

-.052 (.067)

.035 (.074)

   30-39

.176 (.388)

-.112 (.448)

.000 (.076)

.023 (.090)

   40-49

.206 (.404)

-.398 (.475)

.043 (.080)

.068 (.096)

Marital status

    

   Never married◙

    

   Married/cohabiting

-.246 (.229)

.784 (.275)**

-.069 (.053)

.111 (.060)

   Formerly married

-.489 (.295)

.040 (.487)

-.059 (.075)

-.009 (.109)

Highest level of educational attainment

    

   No formal education◙

    

   Primary education

-.088 (.167)

-.639 (.250)*

.089 (.053)

.318 (.074)***

   Secondary education

-.063 (.322)

-.634 (.376)

.188 (.049)***

.426 (.065)***

   Higher education

-.331 (.605)

-.570 (.523)

.252 (.112)*

.521 (.101)***

Main occupation

    

   Not working◙

    

   Professional

-.478 (.333)

-.864 (.409)*

.338 (.097)***

.045 (.080)

   Sales/services

.116 (.242)

.145 (.353)

.281 (.054)***

.012 (.089)

   Agriculture/fishery

.848 (.248)**

1.110 (321)**

.481 (.063)***

.216 (.076)**

   Plant/machine operators and elementary work

.273 (.297)

.478 (.444)

.170 (.071)*

.049 (.076)

Income quintile

    

   Poorest◙

    

   Poor

.269 (.223)

.736 (.298)*

.003 (.056)

.336 (.066)***

   Middle

.289 (.229)

.603 (.303)*

-.129 (.063)*

.176 (.077)*

   Rich

-.165 (.242)

-.009 (.315)

-.207 (.070)**

. 121 (.085)

   Richest

-.077 (268)

.352 (.366)

-.294 (.077)***

-.044 (.094)

  1. â—™ = Reference category ***P < 0.001 **P < 0.01 *P < 0.05
  2. Total N 2003 (Females = 1,519, Males = 1,278) 2008 (Females = 4,306, Males = 3,503)
  3. Source: Generated from WHS-Ghana 2003 and GDHS, 2008