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Table 4 The Relationship between Palm Oil Consumption and IHD Mortality Rates in High Income and Developing Countries Remains Unchanged when Adjusting for Other Sources of Dietary Saturated Fat

From: Multi-Country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development: 1980-1997

Dependent variable in all regressions: IHD mortality

Adjusting for Beef Consumption

Adjusting for Coconut Oil Consumption

Adjusting for Milk Consumption

Adjusting for Butter Consumption

Adjusting for Cheese Consumption

Adjusting for Pork Consumption

Adjusting for Chicken Consumption

Palm oil consumption (kg per-capita)

18.9

3.3

-3.4

-1.2

1.7

19

19

 

[7.7 - 30]

[-1.4 - 7.9]

[-39 - 32]

[-43 - 41]

[-40 - 43]

[8.0 - 30]

[8.4 - 30]

Additional effect of palm oil in developing countries (kg per-capita)

52

149

70

59

65

41

72

 

[26 - 78]

[93 - 205]

[19 - 120]

[-58 - 175]

[-58 - 188]

[10 - 72]

[18 - 126]

Cigarette consumption (pieces per-capita)

-0.00

0.26

0.01

0.05

0.07

-0.03

0.11

 

[-0.29 - 0.29]

[0.15 - 0.37]

[-0.18 - 0.21]

[-0.20 - 0.29]

[-0.15 - 0.28]

[-0.23 - 0.18]

[-0.26 - 0.48]

Log per-capita GDP (%)

-2,259

-728

-2,262

-2,116

-2,469

-2,370

-2,191

 

[-3,201 - -1,317]

[-1,061 - -395]

[-2,830 - -1,695]

[-2,851 - -1,381]

[-3,160 - -1,779]

[-3,271 - -1,469]

[-3,002 - -1,381]

1980s (compared to 1990s)

-176

6.7

-171

-133

-152

-162

-154

 

[-348 - -4.7]

[-68 - 82]

[-341 - -1.2]

[-304 - 38]

[-328 - 23]

[-353 - 28]

[-425 - 118]

Beef consumption (kg per-capita)

6.6

      
 

[-17 - 30]

      

Coconut oil consumption (kg per-capita)

 

21

     
  

[-35 - 77]

     

Milk consumption (kg per-capita)

  

4.8

    
   

[-0.7 - 10]

    

Butter consumption (kg per-capita)

   

-50

   
    

[-119 - 19]

   

Cheese consumption (kg per-capita)

    

32

  
     

[-15 - 79]

  

Pork consumption (kg per-capita)

     

9.6

 
      

[-10 - 29]

 

Chicken consumption (kg per-capita)

      

6.3

       

[-30 - 43]

Constant

23,221

7,942

23,066

22,180

25,213

24,411

22,299

 

[13,631 - 32,811]

[4,505 - 11,379]

[17,424 - 28,708]

[14,900 - 29,460]

[18,243 - 32,183]

[15,454 - 33,368]

[13,483 - 31,115]

Observations

217

153

181

177

177

209

202

R-squared

0.60

0.89

0.70

0.64

0.64

0.61

0.59

Number of countries

22

13

20

19

19

21

20

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Globalization and Health

ISSN: 1744-8603