Local production of pharmaceuticals in Africa and access to essential medicines: 'urban bias’ in access to imported medicines in Tanzania and its policy implications

Table 4 Probability of finding a medicine manufactured outside Tanzania or Kenya in a sample outlet, by rural and urban location, 2006 and 2009 (40 medicines)

Location	2006			2009
Location	Probability	Standard error	Sample size	Probability	Standard error	Sample size
Rural	0.163	0.0085	1880	0.251	0.0100	1880
Urban	0.375	0.0113	1840	0.412	0.0116	1800
*Difference*	-0.212	0.014		-0.160	0.0160
Two sample test of proportions:	z-test = -14.575			z-test = -10.324
H₀ : P_rural = P_urban	Pr(\|Z\| < \|z\|) = 0.0000			Pr(\|Z\| < \|z\|) = 0.0000
H_a : P_rural ≠ P_urban	Null-hypothesis is rejected			Null-hypothesis is rejected

ISSN: 1744-8603