Local production of pharmaceuticals in Africa and access to essential medicines: 'urban bias’ in access to imported medicines in Tanzania and its policy implications

Table 1 Probability of finding a tracer medicine in a sample outlet, by rural and urban location, 2006 and 2009 (40 medicines)

Location	2006			2009
Location	Probability	Standard error	Sample size	Probability	Standard error	Sample size
Rural	0.40	0.0113	1880	0.42	0.011	1880
Urban	0.64	0.0112	1840	0.60	0.012	1800
*Difference*	-0.24	0.0159		-0.18	0.016
Two sample test of proportions:	z-test = -14.6			z-test = -11.1
H₀ : P_rural = P_urban	Pr(\|Z\| < \|z\|) = 0.0000			Pr(\|Z\| < \|z\|) = 0.0000
H_a : P_rural ≠ P_urban	Null-hypothesis is rejected			Null-hypothesis is rejected

ISSN: 1744-8603