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Table 3A Effects of FI on LE

From: Food insecurity, environment, institutional quality, and health outcomes: evidence from South Asia

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

DV: LE

Effects of FI on LE

Effects of InF on PN-LE

Effects of InF on KS-LE

Effects of InF on CI-LE

Effects of InF on SE-LE

Effects of InF on PG-LE

Effects of InF on HE-LE

Effects of InF on CO2e-LE

Effects of InF on UR-LE

Lagged DV

0.387*** (3.65)

0.407*** (4.15)

0.388*** (4.02)

0.343*** (3.87)

0.394*** (4.01)

0.391*** (3.99)

0.381*** (3.77)

0.369*** (4.18)

0.362*** (3.84)

PN

-0.085** (-2.51)

-0.068* (-1.78)

-0.0889** (-2.30)

-0.094** (-1.94)

-0.086** (-2.44)

-0.085** (-2.36)

-0.087** (-2.43)

-0.091** (-2.58)

-0.090** (-2.51)

KS

1.749*** (2.77)

1.535** (2.51)

1.63*** (2.60)

1.32*** (3.12)

1.56** (2.08)

1.708*** (2.73)

1.864*** (2.87)

1.847*** (2.86)

1.870*** (2.86)

CI

-1.525** (-4.12)

-1.691* (-1.99)

-1.010** (-2.33)

-1.893* (-1.77)

-1.534* (-1.69)

-1.423** (2.19)

-1.098* (-2.23)

-1.127* (-1.64)

-1.488** (-2.10)

SE

0.00964 (1.63)

0.00926 (1.46)

0.00959 (1.62)

0.00869 (1.47)

0.00151 (0.89)

0.00980 (1.33)

0.00902 (1.25)

0.00865 (1.26)

0.00979 (0.99)

PG

0.0653*** (3.63)

0.0655*** (3.62)

0.0651** (2.60)

0.064*** (3.58)

0.063*** (3.54)

0.061*** (3.49)

0.067*** (3.53)

0.063*** (3.51)

0.064*** (3.53)

HE

0.0257** (2.76)

0.0421* (1.69)

0.0232** (2.16)

0.056*** (4.04)

0.0263** (2.18)

0.0213* (1.72)

0.044*** (2.75)

0.023*** (3.16)

0.0133** (2.09)

CO2e

-0.371** (-2.49)

-0.296* (-1.80)

-0.361* (-1.90)

-0.43*** (-4.10)

-0.27*** (-3.99)

-0.26*** (-4.31)

-0.29*** (-3.01)

-0.347* (-1.66)

-0.327** (-2.13)

UR

0.168*** (2.96)

0.152*** (2.62)

0.166*** (2.92)

0.194*** (3.27)

0.150** (2.58)

0.154*** (2.98)

0.164*** (2.90)

0.168*** (2.95)

0.173*** (3.03)

InF

-0.0632** (2.55)

-0.0385* (-1.67)

-0.0417** (-2.11)

-0.0341* (-1.87)

-0.05*** (-4.41)

-0.018** (-1.11)

-0.013*** (-2.9)

-0.0245* (-1.73)

-0.0419* (1.55)

InQ

0.0688*** (4.11)

0.951*** (3.68)

0.0951*** (3.36)

0.0613*** (3.46)

0.0322*** (4.49)

0.0700*** (3.37)

0.0750* (1.70)

0.0827** (2.05)

0.0541*** (3.10)

Moderating effects

         

InF*PN

 

-0.091** (-3.99)

       

InF*KS

  

0.203** (2.49)

      

InF*CI

   

-2.031** (-3.36)

     

InF*SE

    

0.00044 (0.94)

    

InF*PG

     

0.0218** (2.37)

   

InF*HE

      

0.0029*** (5.16)

  

InF*CO2e

       

-0.464** (-2.61)

 

InF*UR

        

0.236*** (5.51)

Constant

-9.82*** (-8.02)

7.248*** (4.47)

7.867*** (5.13)

16.48*** (4.40)

7.175*** (3.66)

8.834*** (5.58)

11.18** (2.12)

10.03*** (3.99)

10.31*** (3.39)

Diagnostic checks

         

Observations

159

160

156

158

158

159

159

158

158

Number of IDs

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

Arellano-bond (1)

-3.67***

-3.91***

-4.01***

-3.62***

-3.85***

-3.90***

3.59***

-4.45***

-4.11***

Arellano-bond (2)

-0.771

-0.902

-1.119

-0.682

-0.487

-1.008

-0.610

-0.804

-1.022

Sargan chi2

29.13

33.08

33.12

33.01

30.45

31.87

30.46

33.15

31.21

  1. Notes: ***, **, and * indicate significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. z-values are in parenthesis. DV: dependent variable, PN: Prevalence of undernourishment, KS: Per capita kilocalorie supply, CI: Inequality in per capita calorie intake, SE: School enrollment ratio, PG: Per capita GDP, HE: Per capita health expenditures, CO2e: CO2 emissions, UR: Urbanization, InF: Inflation uncertainty, InQ: Institutional quality index. InF*X refers to the interaction of inflation uncertainty with explanatory variables.
  2. Source: Authors’ computations.
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