Table 1 Forms of intimidation, adapted from Matthes et al. (2022) [18]
Form of intimidation | % of participants who reported that they or a colleague had experienced intimidation | Number of WHO regions in which the intimidation was recorded |
|---|---|---|
Public discreditation—social media | 61% | Five |
Public discreditation—traditional media | 52% | Four |
Public discreditation—other (e.g., statements on a website) | 48% | Four |
Legal threats or attacks | 48% | Four |
Non-anonymous intimidating messages | 43% | Five |
Anonymous intimidating messages | 39% | Four |
Cyberattacks | 34% | Four |
Physical violence/intimidation | 17% | Three |
Theft/burglary | 13% | Three |
Spying/surveillance | 9% | Two |
Complaint to the employer | 9% | One |
Disseminating false information about individual/organisation among policy makers/in hearings | 9% | Two |
Complaint to controlling authority | 4% | One |