Tobacco smoking trends in Samoa over four decades: can continued globalization rectify that which it has wrought?

Table 2 Prevalence of tobacco smoking (%), by age-group, Samoa, 1978–2013^a

Year	N	25–44 years	N	45–64 years	N	25–44 years	N	45–64 years
Year	Men				Women
Current Tobacco Smoking
1991b	255	60.6 (54.4–66.7)	100	71.6 (62.4–80.8)	276	20.8 (16.0–25.6)	112	21.4 (13.6–29.1)
1995	208	56.9 (48.7–65.1)	135	63.4 (54.0–72.8)	224	22.7 (16.3–29.1)	153	24.3 (16.6–32.1)
2002	745	58.3 (54.5–62.0)	457	59.2 (54.4–64.1)	860	21.7 (18.8–24.6)	551	20.7 (16.9–24.5)
2003	186	48.5 (41.0–56.1)	131	45.1 (35.9–54.3)	216	15.8 (10.5–21.1)	151	19.0 (12.2–25.9)
2013	357	42.5 (36.7–48.3)	343	34.1 (28.5–39.7)	592	17.5 (14.1–20.9)	471	15.5 (11.8–19.1)
5-yr. change ∞		−4.16** (−6.00\|-2.31)*		−8.91** (−11.0\|-6.81)*		−1.08 (−2.37\|0.22)		−1.98 (−3.57\|-0.40)*
Daily Tobacco Smoking
1978	252	76.9 (71.2–82.7)	240	75.1 (69.1–81.1)	335	21.8 (16.6–27.0)	280	35.2 (28.5–41.9)
1991a	376	59.5 (54.2–64.8)	327	59.6 (53.7–65.5)	489	18.3 (14.7–21.9)	398	20.4 (15.6–25.3)
2002	745	49.7 (45.9–53.5)	457	50.1 (45.2–55.0)	860	17.9 (15.2–20.6)	551	16.1 (12.6–19.6)
2013	357	38.4 (32.7–44.1)	343	32.3 (26.8–37.9)	592	15.3 (12.0–18.5)	471	14.1 (10.6–17.6)
5-yr. change ∞		−5.42** (−6.44\|-4.40)*		−5.87** (−6.91\|-4.82)*		−0.84 (−1.56\|-0.11)*		−2.60** (−3.39\|-1.82)*

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.001 ***p < 0.0001; N (number of participants in stratum); 95% confidence intervals in brackets below point estimates; Current Smoker (daily and non-daily smokers combined); Daily Smoker (consumes ≥1 tobacco product/day); 5-yr. change∞ (represents the change in prevalences from binomial regression in each 5 year period). ^aPrevalence data variously adjusted to the most recent previous census for urban-rural distributions by sex using case weights derived from the ratio of the population proportions from the census and the survey for each stratum to improve representativeness. Surveys included in analyses are: 1978 NCDRF Survey [14]; 1991a NCDRF Survey [15]; 1991b SACRF longitudinal Study [16]; 1995 SCARF Study [16]; 2002 WHO STEPS Survey [17]; 2003 SFSOD Survey [18]; 2013 WHO STEPS Survey [13]. Unit record survey data included in the present study were provided by original survey researchers in 2015

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