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Table 1 Prevalence of current and daily tobacco smoking (%), by sex, Samoa, 1978–2013a

From: Tobacco smoking trends in Samoa over four decades: can continued globalization rectify that which it has wrought?

Year

N

Current Smoker

Daily Smoker

≥20/day

N

Current Smoker

Daily Smoker

≥20/day

 

Men

 

Women

 

1978

492

-

75.8 (71.5–80.2)

15.6 (12.0–19.2)

615

-

26.5 (22.4–30.7)

1.12 (0.17–2.07)

1991a

703

-

59.2 (55.0–63.4)

14.3 (11.6–17.1)

887

-

18.7 (15.8–21.6)

3.00 (1.71–4.27)

1991b

355

64.1 (59.0–69.2)

-

-

391

21.0 (16.9–25.0)

-

-

1995

343

50.0 (52.7–65.3)

-

-

377

23.2 (18.3–28.2)

-

-

2002

1202

58.6 (55.6–61.6)

50.0 (47.0–53.0)

16.2 (13.9–18.4)

1411

21.3 (19.0–23.7)

17.3 (15.1–19.4)

3.09 (2.15–4.01)

2003

317

46.7 (40.6–52.7)

-

-

367

16.9 (12.6–21.2)

-

-

2013

700

39.5 (35.3–43.7)

36.3 (32.1–40.4)

6.98 (4.88–9.08)

1063

16.8 (14.2–19.4)

14.9 (12.4–17.3)

3.16 (1.95–4.36)

5-yr. change ∞

−5.89*** (−7.28|-4.51)

−5.47*** (−6.20|-4.74)

−0.88* (−1.47|-0.28)

 

−1.26* (−2.27|-0.26)

−1.46*** (−2.00|-0.93)

0.30* (0.07|0.53)

  1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.001 ***p < 0.0001; N (number of participants in stratum); 95% confidence intervals in brackets below point estimates; Current Smoker (daily and non-daily smokers combined); Daily Smoker (consumes ≥1 tobacco product/day); ≥20/day (consumes ≥20 tobacco products/day); 5-yr. change∞ (represents the change in prevalences from binomial regression in each 5 year period). aPrevalence data variously adjusted to the most recent previous census for age group and urban-rural distributions by sex using case weights derived from the ratio of the population proportions from the census and the survey for each stratum to improve representativeness. Surveys included in analyses are: 1978 NCDRF Survey [14]; 1991a NCDRF Survey [15]; 1991b SACRF longitudinal Study [16]; 1995 SCARF Study [16]; 2002 WHO STEPS Survey [17]; 2003 SFSOD Survey [18]; 2013 WHO STEPS Survey [13]. Unit record survey data included in the present study were provided by original survey researchers in 2015