Baseline risk factorsa | Persistent depression | Incident depression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
O.R. (95% CI) | p | O.R. (95% CI) | p | |
Sex (ref. men) | 0.88 (0.49, 1.59) | 0.69 | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 0.37 |
Age | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.61 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.02) | <0.001 |
Unemployed (ref. employed) | 1.25 (0.75, 2.09) | 0.39 | 0.75 (0.63, 1.11) | 0.22 |
Education (ref. less than primary) | 0.82 (0.49, 1.38) | 0.47 | 0.78 (0.59, 1.04) | 0.087 |
Household income (ref. quintile 3rd, 4th and 5th) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.94) | 0.027 | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 0.29 |
Current smokers (ref. not-current smoker) | ||||
 Non-daily smokers | 0.38 (0.05, 2.99) | 0.36 | 2.06 (1.18, 3.62) | 0.011 |
 Daily smokers | 0.93 (0.55, 1.57) | 0.80 | 1.46 (1.09, 1.97) | 0.012 |
Alcohol consumption (ref. never drinkers) | ||||
 Non-heavy drinkers | 0.98 (0.36, 2.61) | 0.96 | 0.93 (0.57, 1.52) | 0.78 |
 Heavy drinkers | 4.72 (1.03, 21.72) | 0.040 | 1.59 (0.67, 3.75) | 0.29 |
Physical inactive (ref. high active) | ||||
 Moderate physical activity | 0.59 (0.23, 1.48) | 0.26 | 0.97 (0.66, 1.42) | 0.89 |
 Low physical activity | 2.11 (1.24, 3.59) | 0.006 | 1.23 (0.89, 1.68) | 0.20 |
BMI (ref. normal range) | ||||
 Underweight | 0.64 (0.36, 1.15) | 0.14 | 1.45 (1.07, 1.96) | 0.016 |
 Overweight/obese | 1.48 (0.75, 2.89) | 0.26 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.00) | 0.97 |
Chronic condition (ref. none) | 1.28 (0.78, 2.10) | 0.32 | 1.32 (1.02, 1.72) | 0.034 |
Global health | 0.92 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.11 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.14 |