Trade and investment liberalization and Asia’s noncommunicable disease epidemic: a synthesis of data and existing literature

Table 3 Country NCD mortality and metabolic risk factor profiles

Countries (ranked by descending GNI per capita)	Total deaths from NCDs (000 s) (2008) (1)			NCD death rates per 100,000^*(2008) (1)		Mortality by cause (% of total deaths, all ages) (1, 2) (2014)							Metabolic/behavioural risk factors, prevalence (%) (2008) (1)
	Total deaths from NCDs (000 s) (2008) (1)			NCD death rates per 100,000^*(2008) (1)		CMPM	NCDs	NCDs in those <60 years old (2008)	CVD	Cancer	CRD	Diabetes	Tobacco use*^†		Over-weight^*‡		Obesity^*‡		Raised blood pressure^*§		Raised blood glucose^*¶
	M	F	Both sexes	M	F	CMPM	NCDs	NCDs in those <60 years old (2008)	CVD	Cancer	CRD	Diabetes	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Singapore	10.1	7.8	17.9	372	239	19	76	22	31	30	3	1	24	4	34	26	7	7	40	34	8	6
Japan	473.2	435.5	908.8	337	178	13	79	9	29	30	7	1	34	11	30	19	6	4	47	41	9	7
Brunei Darussalam	0.5	0.5	1.0	534	489	9	80	36	34	17	7	11	32	4	36	25	9	7	33	23	9	6
South Korea	112.3	96.7	209.0	465	247	8	79	19	25	30	5	4	50	5	34	29	7	8	33	28	7	6
Malaysia	50.4	39.1	89.5	606	436	16	73	31	36	15	7	3	41	2	42	46	10	17	37	32	11	10
China	4324.0	3675.4	7998.8	665	495	5	87	20	45	23	11	2	49	2	26	25	5	7	40	36	10	9
Thailand	227.1	191.3	418.4	792	541	18	71	29	29	17	9	4	36	2	27	37	5	12	36	32	7	7
Indonesia	582.3	481.7	1064.0	757	538	22	71	31	37	13	5	6	53	3	16	26	3	7	39	36	6	7
Philippines	175.7	133.9	309.5	712	483	25	67	41	33	10	5	6	35	8	25	28	5	8	35	30	6	6
India	2967.6	2273.8	5241.4	782	571	28	60	35	26	7	13	2	25	2	10	12	1	2	33	32	10	10
Vietnam	208.1	222.0	430.1	687	508	16	73	23	33	18	7	3	40	1	10	11	1	2	36	30	7	7
Laos	12.1	11.7	23.8	849	689	43	48	36	22	11	5	2	41	3	10	16	1	4	34	30	---	---
Cambodia	31.1	25.5	56.6	958	592	37	52	47	24	13	4	2	42	3	11	13	2	3	31	25	4	5
Myanmar	125.8	116.6	242.5	737	570	30	59	29	25	11	9	3	32	10	13	23	2	6	41	37	5	7
Total			17011.03

CMPM = Communicable, maternal, peri-natal and malnutrition related; CRD = Chronic respiratory diseases; CVD = Cardiovascular diseases; *= age-standardised; †= 15 years and older, currently smoking any tobacco product; ‡= 20 years and older; §= systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 OR diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 OR on medication for raised blood pressure; ¶= 25 years and older, raised fasting blood glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L or on medication); Data sources: 1 = WHO Global Health Data Repository; 2 = WHO NCD country profiles (2014).

ISSN: 1744-8603