From: Challenges in diabetes management in Indonesia: a literature review
Estimate | Study year | Sample frame and sample | Study design | Diagnostic test and diagnostic criteria | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetic retinopathy | |||||
42.6%, n = 760, N = 1785 | Nov 2008 - Feb 2009 | Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative | Cross-sectional study | Blood samples | [26] |
Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, ≥ 15 years old | |||||
17.2%, n = 52, N = 302 | Year: NA | Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya | Retrospective review of medical records over one year |  | [28] |
Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years | |||||
28% | 2002 | Sample frame: Primary health care, Jakarta (Urban Area) | Cross sectional study | Â | [27] |
Sample: NA, 30–60 years old | |||||
Diabetic neuropathy | |||||
63.5%, n = 1133, N = 1785 | Nov 2008 - Feb 2009 | Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative | Cross-sectional study | Blood samples | [26] |
Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, > = 15 years old | |||||
58.6%, n = 177, N = 302 | Year: NA | Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya | Retrospective review of medical records over one year |  | [28] |
Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years | |||||
70% in malnutrition-related diabetes, n = 7, n = 10 | Study period: NA | Sample frame: Dr. Sutomo Hospital, Surabaya | Cross-sectional |  | [31] |
Sample: 27 diabetic patients between 22 and 55Â years old | |||||
78% in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, n = 7, | |||||
N = 9 13% in insulin-dependent diabetes, n = 1, N = 8 | |||||
Vascular complications | |||||
Macrovascular 16%, n = 285; microvascular 27.6%, n = 493; N = 1785 | Nov 2008 - Feb 2009 | Sample frame: 18 diabetes centres, nationally representative | Cross-sectional study | Blood samples | [26] |
Sample: 1785 DM T2 patients, > = 15 years old | |||||
Macrovascular 20% microvascular 53% | 2006 - 2007 | Sample frame: Patients with type 2 diabetes | Multi-centre, cross-sectional, observational study. | Prevalence-based approach to estimate resource use occurred during a 1-year period. | [18] |
Sample: N = 674, mean age 55.2 (SD = 10.2), 55% females, mean duration for diabetes 6.1 (SD = 6.4) years. | |||||
Diabetic foot 7.3%, n = 22, N = 302 | Year: NA | Sample frame: Diabetes clinic in Surabaya | Retrospective review of medical records over one year |  | [28] |
Sample: 302 T2DM patients, 132 males and 170 female, mean age of 55.9 ± 21.1 years | |||||
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) DM type 2 patients | Year: NA | Sample frame: 14 hospitals in Indonesia DM type 2 diabetes patients, aged 50 and older with one or more of the following risk factors: on smoking or with history of smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia | Â | Blood pressure measurement at upper arms and ankles to obtain the ankle-brachial index (ABI) | [23] |
13,807 PAD patients per 100,000 patients | |||||
PAD was defined as an ABI value lower than 0.9. | Sample: 464 males and 521 females | ||||
Prevalence of diabetic foot according to Wagner’s classification | 1999 - 2004 | Sample frame: Koja Regional General Hospital Jakarta | Retrospective analysis of medical records. |  | [24] |
Degree 0 (high risk-foot with no ulcer) 71.6% (n = 202) | Sample: Diabetic patients, inpatient and outpatient, with diabetic foot | ||||
Degree 1 (superficial ulcer) 1.8% (n = 5) | |||||
Degree 2 (deep ulcer with no bone involvement or abscess formation) 2.5% (n = 7) | |||||
Degree 3 (deep ulcer with cellulitis or abscess formation) 3.9% (n = 11) | |||||
Degree 4 (localised gangrene) 6.7% (n = 19) | |||||
Degree 5 (extended gangrene involving the whole foot) 13.5% (n = 38) | |||||
As many as 15% of diabetic patients will suffer from ulcer in their lifetime, and will 12-24% undergo amputation. | 2007 | Sample frame: Tertiary Care Hospital | Retrospective study | Â | (unpublished observationsi) |
Sample: Sequential sampling of all diabetic patients hospitalised in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital |